The trends in CRISPR research: A patent and literature study with a focus on India

Chowdhury, Anindya Roy; Gargate, Gouri

doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2021.102038

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A seminal 2016 paper by Egelie et al catalogued the patent landscape for CRISPR technologies through 2014, finding hundreds of patent applications distributed across the globe. Since then, others have landscaped CRISPR patents in China, India, and South Africa, among other countries, and reached similar conclusions ( Bire et al, 2021 ; Chowdhury and Gargate, 2021 ; Naidoo, 2020 ).…”

Section: Crispr Patents and Technology Governancementioning

confidence: 76%

Governance Choices of Genome Editing Patents

Scheinerman

Sherkow

2021

Front. Polit. Sci.

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There are a variety of governance mechanisms concerning the ownership and use of patents. These include government licenses, compulsory licenses, march-in rights for inventions created with federal funding, government use rights, enforcement restrictions, subject-matter restrictions, and a host of private governance regimes. Each has been discussed in various contexts by scholars and policymakers and some, in some degree, have been employed in different cases at different times. But scholars have yet to explore how each of these choices are subject to—or removed from—democratic control. Assessing the range of democratic implications of these patent governance choices is important in understanding the social and political implications of controversial or wide-ranging technologies because their use has a significant potential to affect the polity. This paper seeks to unpack these concerns for genome editing, such as CRISPR, specifically. Patents covering genome editing make an interesting case because, to date, it appears that the polity is concerned less with certain kinds of access, and more with distribution and limits on the technology’s particular uses, such as human enhancement and certain agricultural and environmental applications. Here, we explore what it means for patents to be democratic or non-democratically governed and, in so doing, identify that patents covering many of the most controversial applications—that is, ones most likely to gain public attention—are effectively controlled by either non- or anti-democratic institutions, namely, private restrictions on licensing. This may be effective—for now—but lawmakers should be wary that such restrictions could rapidly reverse themselves. Meanwhile, other choices, like compulsory licenses, more broadly touch on democratic deliberation but, as currently structured, are aimed poorly for particular applications. Insofar as the public wants, or perhaps deserves, a say in the distribution and limits of these applications, illuminating the ways in which these governance choices intersect—or fail to intersect—with democratic institutions is critical. We offer some concluding thoughts about the nature of patents and their relationship with democratic governance as distributed claims to authority, and suggest areas for scholars and policymakers to pay close attention to as the genome editing patent landscape develops.

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Section: Crispr Patents and Technology Governancementioning

confidence: 76%

Governance Choices of Genome Editing Patents

Scheinerman

Sherkow

2021

Front. Polit. Sci.

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“…A CRISPR reference will be used to identify the eligibility of the patent holders who wish to participate in the discussions to create the CRISPR joint licensing model. 58 Eligible patent assets will consist of issued patents or published patent applications with one or more claims directed to:…”

Section: Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patent pools and innovation‐based approach in global healthcare crisis

Priyan

Gargate

2023

World Intellectual Property

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During the COVID 2019 pandemic, the healthcare sector faced major jurisprudential questions about the intellectual property system. During this period, the world was in the midst of a healthcare crisis, wherein the debate between the reward for innovation versus accessibility to all at equitable rates have become intense. In a such challenging scenario, the scientific community were dedicated toward the research while the healthcare industry was indulging in arguments over the incentives on creation. In this paper, the authors, as IP researchers, argue that in a scenario where there is an intense dispute over innovation versus accessibility, probably patent pool can serve as a mechanism to handle the tussle. The authors have analyzed a few patent pool models that were chosen on the basis of the types of patents in the pool. Additionally, an attempt is made to scrutinize the laws governing patent pools in developed countries and developing countries. In doing so, the authors draw the benefits and limitations of the patent pools in healthcare. We follow a qualitative research methodology. The research is based on secondary data and has some limitations because of this.

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“…This is an extended application of additive manufacturing and involves a top-down approach of layer-by-layer building of complex tissue by deposition of matter in a controlled manner-resulting in anatomically accurate 3D models of the tissue have been numerous number of patent applications filed in the field of bioprinting and organ printing. Studying a patent landscape of a technology gives an overall approach of country's invention policies [7,8]. A patent analytics is always crucial for ensuring that the business or research is on the right track and offers future funding directions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Organ Printing Technologies-A Patent Study

Gargate

2022

BJSTR

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3D printing technology is encompassing several domains from varied engineering streams to biological sciences. In biological sciences, 2D tissue culture techniques were known and followed. However, the emerging trend is the use of 3D printing technology. The evolution of biological sciences from very interesting G. Mendels simple experiments to classic restriction endonucleases, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies have followed an interesting path. Engineering applications in medical sciences resulted in the development of very complex machinery which is now an indispensable part of the healthcare industry. One such interesting emerging application is 3D printing. In this paper, the authors have tried to analyze the patent landscape related to this technology. Bird's eye view of this 3D printing organ technology provides very interesting insights such as major players, countries in this domain, top researchers, and so on. The authors relied on secondary data and followed empirical research methodology. This analysis may help to develop policy, strategic research planning, technology transfer, future funding plan, etc. mimicking the model generated by computer graphics [5,6]. There

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The trends in CRISPR research: A patent and literature study with a focus on India

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Governance Choices of Genome Editing Patents

Governance Choices of Genome Editing Patents

Patent pools and innovation‐based approach in global healthcare crisis

Trends in Organ Printing Technologies-A Patent Study

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