The trends and prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Australian school‐aged children, 1985–2014

Xu, Joshua; Hardy, Louise L.; Guo, Cici; Garnett, Sarah P.

doi:10.1111/jpc.13922

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…35 Furthermore, in Australia, although there was an overall significant increase in the prevalence of morbid obesity from 1985 to 2012, 32 there was a plateau in the prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity from 2007 to 2014. 36 Unlike in the US, where increasing trends in the proportion of 2-to 5-year-olds with higher levels of obesity (class 1, 2 or 3) were reported, 4 our data showed no significant increase. Rather, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of young children at risk for overweight, and stable estimates of obesity and severe obesity prevalence.…”

Section: Opencontrasting

confidence: 79%

Temporal trends in severe obesity prevalence in children and youth from primary care electronic medical records in Ontario: a repeated cross-sectional study

Carsley

Pope

Anderson

et al. 2019

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Background: There are no current estimates of severe obesity in Canadian children. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of severe obesity in children aged 18 years or less in Ontario and to determine temporal trends from 2004 to 2015. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study using height/length and weight of children aged 18 years or less from the Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database (EMRALD), a database of primary care electronic medical records in Ontario. We calculated body mass index (for age and sex) z-scores (zBMI). Two years of data (2014 and 2015) were used to determine the period prevalence of severe obesity. We used multivariable linear regression generalized estimating equations to estimate the association of calendar year and mean zBMI. Results: In total, 55 233 children were included. The prevalence of severe obesity (zBMI > 3) increased with increasing age: it was 0.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7% to 1.0%) among children less than 5 years of age, 2.7% (95% CI 2.3% to 3.1%) among 5-to 9-year-olds, 2.9% (95% CI 2.4% to 3.3%) among 10-to 14-year-olds and 3.7% (95% CI 3.1% to 4.3%) among those aged 15-18. Boys aged 5-9 years had a significantly higher prevalence of severe obesity than their female counterparts (3.5% [95% CI 2.9% to 4.2%] v. 1.7% [95% CI 1.3% to 2.2%]). From 2004 to 2015, the mean zBMI decreased by 0.015 (95% CI-0.018 to-0.012) units per year, with the overall prevalence of severe obesity in all ages highest in 2005 (3%) and a decrease to 2% in 2015. Interpretation: The prevalence of severe obesity among children and adolescents in Ontario is consistent with that in other developed countries with the exception of the United States. There is evidence of plateauing of estimates and a small decrease in zBMI over time. Further understanding of the impact of prevention efforts on these estimates is an important next step.

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Section: Opencontrasting

confidence: 79%

Temporal trends in severe obesity prevalence in children and youth from primary care electronic medical records in Ontario: a repeated cross-sectional study

Carsley

Pope

Anderson

et al. 2019

cmajo

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“…The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is at unprecedented levels worldwide . Although there is evidence of rates plateauing, they remain high, placing affected children and adolescents at increased risk of obesity‐related complications, including psychosocial, metabolic, and physical disturbances . Unless lifestyle factors are adjusted, by either individual or environmental changes, obesity is likely to persist into adulthood, along with complications …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric obesity treatment, self‐esteem, and body image: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Pediatric obesity impacts on multiple domains of psychological health, including self‐esteem and body image. Objective To determine the effect of multicomponent pediatric obesity treatment interventions on self‐esteem and body image. Methods A systematic search of published literature up to June 2019 was undertaken using electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO. Eligible studies implemented an obesity treatment intervention, including a dietary and physical activity component with/without a behavioral component, in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, and assessed self‐esteem and/or body image. Data were extracted by one reviewer and cross‐checked. Meta‐analysis was used to combine outcome data and moderator analysis conducted to identify intervention characteristics influencing outcomes. Results 64 studies were identified. Meta‐analysis of 49 studies (n = 10471) indicated that pediatric obesity treatment results in increased self‐esteem postintervention (standardized mean difference, [SE] 0.34 [0.03], P < .001, I2 87%), maintained at follow‐up (0.35 [0.05] P < .001, I2 79%, 17 studies). Similarly, meta‐analysis of 40 studies (n = 2729) indicated improvements in body image postintervention (0.40 [0.03], P < .001, I2 73%), maintained at follow‐up (0.41 [0.08], P < .001, I2 89%, 16 studies). Conclusions Pediatric obesity treatment improves self‐esteem and body image in the short and medium term. These findings may underpin improvements in other psychological outcomes.

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“…1 Although the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in many high-income countries, 1 there is emerging evidence that the severity of obesity may be increasing. 2 Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with both physiological and psychological comorbidities, which have been well described, and severe obesity (adult equivalent BMI, 35 kg/m 2 ) is associated with a higher degree of risk. [3][4][5][6][7] Being above a healthy weight in childhood or adolescence is associated with a higher likelihood of obesity persisting in adulthood, with up to 90% of adolescents with obesity becoming adults with obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietetic management of obesity and severe obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review of guidelines

et al. 2020

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Summary This scoping review describes current guidelines for the dietary management of pediatric obesity and severe obesity. Guidelines were identified via electronic searches of six databases, grey literature, and reference lists and included international clinical practice guidelines (n = 21), position papers (n = 5), and scientific/consensus statements (n = 2) produced by professional bodies and/or expert panels. All recommend multicomponent lifestyle interventions including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification as first‐line treatment. Most guidelines (n = 21) recommend weight loss as a treatment goal for children and adolescents with obesity and associated comorbidities or severe obesity; 15 recommend using dietary approaches. Fourteen of 28 guidelines refer to the management of severe obesity, 10 refer to dietary approaches, and seven recommend using intensive dietary approaches. Dietary approaches to weight loss focus on caloric restriction (n = 14) with some guidelines recommending very low‐energy diet (n = 4), protein‐sparing modified fast (n = 2), and very low‐carbohydrate/ketogenic diets (n = 2). A stronger evidence base is required for dietary management of pediatric obesity and severe obesity to improve consistency in future guidelines. Guidance on the use of dietary approaches, beyond caloric restriction, and in line with the growing evidence base on novel dietary approaches is required to facilitate personalized care and optimal patient outcomes.

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The trends and prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Australian school‐aged children, 1985–2014

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Temporal trends in severe obesity prevalence in children and youth from primary care electronic medical records in Ontario: a repeated cross-sectional study

Temporal trends in severe obesity prevalence in children and youth from primary care electronic medical records in Ontario: a repeated cross-sectional study

Pediatric obesity treatment, self‐esteem, and body image: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Dietetic management of obesity and severe obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review of guidelines

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