The Trend of Direct Medical Cost of Meliodiosis Patients in Kedah: A Retrospective Study from 2014 to 2017

Kamaruddin, Mardhiah; Wan-Arfah, Nadiah; Naing, Nyi Nyi; Hassan, Muhammad Radzi Abu; Chan, Huan‐Keat; Hasan, Hazriah

doi:10.2147/ceor.s286283

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[ 6 ] Based on 2014 to 2017, a dead patient's direct medical cost in Kedah, Malaysia, was USD 210.42. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mortality rate among melioidosis patients ranges from 14% to 40%, among which >80% of the cases are untreated patients [6] . Based on 2014 to 2017, a dead patient's direct medical cost in Kedah, Malaysia, was USD 210.42 [7] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] Based on 2014 to 2017, a dead patient's direct medical cost in Kedah, Malaysia, was USD 210.42. [7] Melioidosis is not notifiable compared to other diseases due to misdiagnosed. [5] The common presentation after the bacteria attacks the human body, including inaccessible mediastinal lymphadenopathy and abscess in organ lymphoma, is similar to tuberculosis or lymphoma, [8] leading to the diagnosis of this disease rather than melioidosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia

et al. 2021

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Melioidosis is an infectious disease that is initiated by a bacteria recognized as Burkholderia pseudomallei . Despite the high fatality rate from melioidosis, there is a minimal published study about the disease in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients in northern Malaysia. All inpatient patients who were admitted to Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah and Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis with culture-confirmed melioidosis during the period 2014 to 2017 were included in the study. The study retrospectively collected 510 melioidosis patients from the Melioidosis Registry. Hazard ratio (HR) used in advanced multiple Cox regression was used to obtain the final model of prognostic factors of melioidosis. The analysis was performed using STATA/SE 14.0 for Windows software. From the results, among the admitted patients, 50.1% died at the hospital. The mean age for those who died was 55 years old, and they were mostly male. The most common underlying disease was diabetes mellitus (69.8%), followed by hypertension (32.7%). The majority of cases (86.8%) were bacteremic. The final Cox model identified 5 prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients. The factors were diabetes mellitus, type of melioidosis, platelet count, white blood cell count, and urea value. The results showed that bacteremic melioidosis increased the risk of dying by 3.47 (HR: 3.47, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.67–7.23, P = .001) compared to non-bacteremic melioidosis. Based on the blood investigations, the adjusted HRs from the final model showed that all 3 blood investigations were included as the prognostic factors for the disease (low platelet: HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22–2.54, P = .003; high white blood cell: HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06–2.11, P = .023; high urea: HR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.76–4.85, P < .001; and low level of urea: HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.69–4.29, P < .001). By contrast, melioidosis patients with diabetic had 30.0% lower risk of dying from melioidosis compared to those with non-diabetic (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.94, P = .016). Identifying the prognostic factors of mortality in patients with melioidosis allows a guideline of early management in these patients, which may improve patient's survival.

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“…[ 6 ] Based on 2014 to 2017, a dead patient's direct medical cost in Kedah, Malaysia, was USD 210.42. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia

et al. 2021

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“…Another study in Vietnam reported the cost to detect the selective culture in melioidosis was approximately $100 in Vientiane and $39 in Siem Reap per patient [46]. One reported study on the direct medical cost of melioidosis in Malaysia showed that the cost of treating melioidosis patients increased after the length of hospital stay [47].…”

Section: Economic Burden Of Melioidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Research on Mortality from Melioidosis in Malaysia

Kamaruddin¹,

Wan-Arfah²,

Naing³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Melioidosis, or Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease initiated by a bacteria known as Burkholderia pseudomallei. This bacteria is commonly found in contaminated soil and water. In Malaysia, the mortality from melioidosis infection was reported to be higher than in other infectious diseases. The research on melioidosis is still limited in Malaysia but slightly increasing. The article's objective was to seek all the melioidosis research related to mortality in Malaysia. The information from the selected papers was then abstracted into two sections; Section 1: Review of literature and Section 2: Findings on mortality from melioidosis in Malaysia. In Section 1, the information on transmission and clinical features of melioidosis, demographic, severity of melioidosis, a clinical signs of melioidosis, diagnosis of melioidosis, management of melioidosis, the economic burden of melioidosis, and incidence of mortality from melioidosis were discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, in Section 2, the findings on mortality of melioidosis in Malaysia were discussed according to eight published articles. It is important to manage patients with melioidosis with appropriate treatment and management to reduce severe complications, high fatality rate, and relapse. More published research on melioidosis will provide input to the clinicians on a more detailed understanding of how to improve the diagnosis of melioidosis and the prognosis factors of this disease.

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The Trend of Direct Medical Cost of Meliodiosis Patients in Kedah: A Retrospective Study from 2014 to 2017

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia

The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia

Review of Research on Mortality from Melioidosis in Malaysia

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