The Trend in the Development of Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Abstract

The oncolytic viruses selectively infect and destroy cancer cells, not harming normal cells. The cancer cell materials released by oncolysis, like tumor antigens, stimulate host antitumor immune responses, which is a long-lasting antitumor immunity removing cancer cells in remote parts of the body by a systemic response. Oncolytic viruses armed with transgenes such as cytokines or other immune stimulating factors enhance the immune responses. The first oncolytic virus approved by US-FDA is Imlygic ® targeting for melanoma. The oncolytic virus is considered as a revolutionary immunotherapy for tumors together with immune checkpoint inhibitors. A variety of oncolytic viruses are under research in the treatment of kidney cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and many others solid tumors. Clinical trials have shown promising results in different types of cancers. Here, we present a brief introduction of various aspects of oncolytic virus, and a review of the current status of oncolytic virus therapy development.

Effects of Cirsium setidens extract on gene expression related to apoptosis induction and metastasis inhibition in human breast cancer

“…However, irradiation causes side effects including cancerization of normal cell, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing, making it difficult to apply to immunocompromised or weakened elderly patients (Tae et al, 2012). In addition, targeted therapy, a drug treatment method, is a method of controlling and selectively removing cancer cell through an elimination mechanism that targets receptors or proteins related to cancer cell growth (Kwon, 2019). Targeted therapy minimizes damage to normal cell, but as it can develop resistance to the treatment when used in long-term or continuously, interest in developing treatments that can compensate for this shortcoming has been increasing progressively (Yu et al, 2015).…”