The Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

Zhou, Jiang‐Ning; Ni, Rong-Jun

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0611-1

Cited by 15 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The stereotaxic approach of the tree shrew brain was performed as previously described (Zhou & Ni, ). Briefly, we adjusted the incisor bar until the heights corresponding to lambda and bregma were equal to achieve a flat skull position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A glass micropipette (outer diameter, ~30–50 μm) was filled with 1% Alexa Fluor‐555‐conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTb; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) and connected to a 10 μL Hamilton syringe that was controlled by an UltraMicroPump (Model: UMP3; World Precision Instruments, Inc. Sarasota, FL) and a Micro4 MicroSyringe Pump Controller (Model: UMC4; World Precision Instruments, Inc. Sarasota, FL). For retrograde labeling of cerebellum‐projecting neurons, unilateral pressure injections of 1% CTb solution were made into different cerebellar regions in volumes of 50–60 nL using the following coordinates taken from the tree shrew brain atlas (Zhou & Ni, ): 5Cb (anteroposterior: −12.50 mm from bregma; mediolateral: −1.00 mm from midline; dorsoventral: −2.00 mm from dura) and PMa (anteroposterior: −13.50 mm from bregma; mediolateral: +4.50 mm from midline; dorsoventral: −1.50 mm from dura). Following an injection, the syringe needle was left in place for 10 min, and all animals were allowed to survive for 7 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After perfusion, brains were removed and postfixed by immersion in the same fixative overnight at 4 °C. Tissue preparation for cerebellum atlas was performed as previously described (Zhou & Ni, ). Then the brains were soaked in 15% sucrose in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS: 0.1 M; pH 7.4) until the tissues sank, and then immersed in 30% sucrose in PBS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sections were treated with Nissl staining and AChE histochemistry to designate the neuroanatomical structures of the tree shrew cerebellum. In this atlas, we have mainly relied upon our previous papers (Ni et al, ; Shu, Ni, Sun, Fang, & Zhou, ; Zhou & Ni, ) and comparisons between series of our staining sections in tree shrews and those shown in publications describing cerebellar structures in other mammals (Franklin & Paxinos, ; Palazzi & Bordier, ; Paxinos, Huang, & Toga, ; Paxinos & Watson, ). We also referred to several publications and papers that describe the precise positions of tree shrew cerebellar structures (Haines, ; Haines & Patrick, ; Haines & Pearson, ; Haines, Sowa, & Dietrichs, ; Haines & Whitworth, ; Patrick & Haines, ; Sillitoe et al, ; Ware & Mufson, ; Whitworth, Haines, & Patrick, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings suggest that cerebellar morphology in tree shrews more closely resembles that of primates than it does rodents (Sillitoe, Malz, Rockland, & Hawkes, ). Although printed atlases of the tree shrew brain have been published (Tigges & Shantha, ; Yang et al, ; Zhou & Ni, ), there is no systematic nomenclature for the tree shrew cerebellum. In addition, little is known about the detailed neurochemical characterization and afferent projections in the tree shrew cerebellum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The tree shrew cerebellum atlas: Systematic nomenclature, neurochemical characterization, and afferent projections

Huang

Luo

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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The cerebellum is involved in the control of movement, emotional responses, and reward processing. The tree shrew is the closest living relative of primates. However, little is known not only about the systematic nomenclature for the tree shrew cerebellum but also about the detailed neurochemical characterization and afferent projections. In this study, Nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were used to reveal anatomical features of the cerebellum of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). The cerebellar cortex presented a laminar structure. The morphological characteristics of the cerebellum were comprehensively described in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections. Moreover, distributive maps of calbindin-immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum of tree shrews were depicted using coronal, sagittal, and horizontal schematics. In addition, 5th cerebellar lobule (5Cb)-projecting neurons were present in the pontine nuclei, reticular nucleus, spinal vestibular nucleus, ventral spinocerebellar tract, and inferior olive of the tree shrew brain. The anterior part of the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum (PMa) received mainly strong innervation from the lateral reticular nucleus, inferior olive, pontine reticular nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, pontine nuclei, and reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons. The present results provide the first systematic nomenclature, detailed atlas of the whole cerebellum, and whole-brain mapping of afferent projections to the 5Cb and PMa in tree shrews. Our findings provide morphological support for tree shrews as an alternative model for studies of human cerebellar pathologies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The tree shrew cerebellum atlas: Systematic nomenclature, neurochemical characterization, and afferent projections

Huang

Luo

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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Distribution of tyrosine‐hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews

Huang

Luo

et al. 2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. Yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of TH‐ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. TH‐ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. The majority of hypothalamic TH‐ir neurons were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), as was also observed in the human hypothalamus. In contrast, rare TH‐ir neurons were localized in the PVN and SON of rats. Vasopressin (AVP) colocalized with TH‐ir neurons in the PVN and SON in a large number of neurons, but oxytocin and corticotropin‐releasing hormone did not colocalize with TH. In addition, colocalization of TH with AVP was also observed in the other hypothalamic regions. Moreover, TH‐ir neurons in the PVN and SON of tree shrews expressed other dopaminergic markers (aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter, Type 2), further supporting that TH‐ir neurons in the PVN and SON were catecholaminergic. These findings provide a detailed description of TH‐ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews and demonstrate species differences in the distribution of this enzyme, providing a neurobiological basis for the participation of TH‐ir neurons in the regulation of various hypothalamic functions.

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