The Treatment of Shock Associated with Myocardial Infarction

Griffith, George C.; Wallace, William B.; Cochran, Burt; Nerlich, William E.; Frasher, Wallace G.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.9.4.527

Cited by 82 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, there is variation in the definition and criteria used for inclusion of patients in clinical trials, which can very the reported incidence. According to the report by Griffith and colleagues [6] in 1954, incidence of shock in acute myocardial infarction was 19.7% and the overall mortality of shock was 80%. In the original description of Killip and Kimball classification [9], similar numbers were demonstrated with rates of cardiogenic shock being 19% and the mortality rates remaining at 80%.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pulmonary rales and was the first to suggest that the condition was necessarily fatal. In 1954, Griffith and colleagues [6] described the first large series of patients with cardiogenic shock admitted with acute myocardial infarction to the Los Angeles County General Hospital. In 1960s, coronary care units were introduced [7], which has led to overall decrease in the in-hospital mortality related to acute myocardial infarction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiogenic shock: Basics and clinical considerations

Gowda¹,

Fox²,

Khan³

2008

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiogenic shock: Basics and clinical considerations

Gowda¹,

Fox²,

Khan³

2008

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…An 80% mortality has been reported in shock following acute cardiac infarction (Hellerstein et al, 1952;Griffith et al, 1954). However, this figure is probably an underestimate, as it is based on hospital experience alone.…”

Section: Seniior Medical Registrar the Middlesex Hospital Lonidonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this figure is probably an underestimate, as it is based on hospital experience alone. The early use of pressors has been advocated by Griffith et al (1954): in a series of cases treated for shock within three hours of its onset only 13% died. Noradrenaline infusions have reduced the overall mortality to between 40% and 50% (Moyer et al, 1953;Sampson and Zipser, 1954;Garai and Smith, 1958).…”

Section: Seniior Medical Registrar the Middlesex Hospital Lonidonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Cardiac Shock by Metaraminol

Besterman¹

1959

BMJ

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“…The advent of this substance first truly increased the recovery rate in cardiogenic shock, dropping the mortality rate from 80 to 47.8 per cent. 13 It is markedly inotropic and is a powerful vasoconstrictor. It may produce arrhythmias and there will be a slough at the site of extravascular infiltration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Treatment of Shock Accompanying Myocardial Infarction

Bernstein¹,

Rothfeld²,

Robins³

et al. 1963

Angiology

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In patients with myocardial infarction, from 5 to 17 per cent will develop shock which has a mortality rate of from 80 to 90 per cent when untreated.' In these patients, there is a reduced stroke volume accompanied by tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction.2 It has been postulated by some that it is the failure of adequate vasoconstriction to compensate for the degree of fall in cardiac output that is the essential problem in shock accompanying myocardial infaretion.3 , 4 However, it was also once thought that the drop in blood pressure after infarction was beneficial.But, Corday and his associates 5 in 1949 showed that, in dogs, there was a loss of contractility and a ballooning of the myocardium in the area of myocardial infarction when hypotension was present. These factors caused a marked diminution in cardiac output. As soon as the blood pressure in the dogs was raised, the ballooning disappeared and the cardiac output increased. These same workers also showed that hypotension in cardiogenic shock caused a marked diminution in coronary blood flow which was overcome when the systemic blood pressure was raised. Nonetheless, the physiologists, such as Aviado have long contended that vasoconstriction per se is not desirable. Thus, it soon becomes evident that the factors involved in shock are not as well understood as we would like, nor is there any unanimity, therefore, on the type of therapy needed. However, it is self-evident that immediate and rapid therapy is necessary to increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, and thereby to alleviate myocardial hypoxia with diminished myocardial carbohydrate metabolism and reduced cardiac function, while, at the same time to maintain flow to the brain, kidneys and other vital organs.To accomplish these ends, a number of methods have been used including plasma volume expanders, intra-arterial blood or plasma transfusions, extracorporeal circulation' and pressor amines. The last method is the one most readily available for use in every day practice and so, at this time, is of most importance from a practical point of view.

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The Treatment of Shock Associated with Myocardial Infarction

Cited by 82 publications

References 7 publications

Cardiogenic shock: Basics and clinical considerations

Cardiogenic shock: Basics and clinical considerations

Treatment of Cardiac Shock by Metaraminol

The Treatment of Shock Accompanying Myocardial Infarction

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