The treatment of fear of flying: a controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy

Wiederhold, Brenda K.; Jang, Dong Pyo; Gevirtz, R.G.; Kim, S.I.; Kim, I.Y.; Wiederhold, Mark D.

doi:10.1109/titb.2002.802378

Cited by 131 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The use of VR now allows for measurement of human interaction with realistic dynamic content, albeit within the constraints of the monitoring apparatus. Thus far, heart rate, GSR, and other psychophysiological measures have produced useful results within VR studies examining attention and presence (Pugnetti, Mendozzi, Barberi, Rose, & Attree, 1996;Meehan, Insko, Whitton, & Brooks, 2002) and have been used to enhance treatment effects using a VR biofeedback paradigm for fear-of-flying clients in Wiederhold et al (2002). Even within the confines of a 3-tesla magnetic-imaging device with the user's head in a fixed position, humans can navigate and interact in a VR world with specialized nonmetal displays and interface devices.…”

Section: Integration Of Vr With Physiological Monitoring and Brain Immentioning

confidence: 99%

A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation and Therapy

Rizzo

Kim

2005

Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments

742

415

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The use of virtual-reality technology in the areas of rehabilitation and therapy continues to grow, with encouraging results being reported for applications that address human physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning. This article presents a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis for the field of VR rehabilitation and therapy. The SWOT analysis is a commonly employed framework in the business world for analyzing the factors that influence a company's competitive position in the marketplace with an eye to the future. However, the SWOT framework can also be usefully applied outside of the pure business domain. A quick check on the Internet will turn up SWOT analyses for urban-renewal projects, career planning, website design, youth sports programs, and evaluation of academic research centers, and it becomes obvious that it can be usefully applied to assess and guide any organized human endeavor designed to accomplish a mission. It is hoped that this structured examination of the factors relevant to the current and future status of VR rehabilitation will provide a good overview of the key issues and concerns that are relevant for understanding and advancing this vital application area. IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) has now emerged as a promising tool in many domains of therapy and rehabilitation (Weiss & Jessel, 1998;Glantz, Rizzo, & Graap, 2003;Zimand et al. 2003;Rizzo, Schultheis, Kerns, & Mateer, 2004). Continuing advances in VR technology, along with concomitant system-cost reductions, have supported the development of more usable, useful, and accessible VR systems that can uniquely target a wide range of physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitation concerns and research questions. What makes VR application development in the therapy and rehabilitation sciences so distinctively important is that it represents more than a simple linear extension of existing computer technology for human use. VR offers the potential to create systematic human testing, training, and treatment environments that allow for the precise control of complex, immersive, dynamic 3D stimulus presentations, within which sophisticated interaction, behavioral tracking, and performance recording is possible. Much like an aircraft simulator serves to test and train piloting ability, virtual environments (VEs) can be developed to present simulations that assess and rehabilitate human functional performance under a range of stimulus conditions that are not easily deliverable and controllable in the real world. When combining these assets within the context of functionally Rizzo and Kim 119

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Section: Integration Of Vr With Physiological Monitoring and Brain Immentioning

confidence: 99%

A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation and Therapy

Rizzo

Kim

2005

Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments

742

415

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unlike exposure using the imagination, patients are engaged by several of their senses, heightening the realism of the context. Unlike exposure "in vivo", patients are in a safe, confidential place with the therapist in complete control [15]. Finally, it is much more difficult to control the variables in real-life situations than in VR environments.…”

Section: Virtual Reality As a Clinical Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical validation of a virtual environment for normalizing eating patterns in eating disorders

Perpiñá

Roncero

Fernández‐Aranda

et al. 2013

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinical validation of a Virtual Reality Environment (VRE) designed to normalize eating patterns in Eating Disorders (ED). The efficacy of VR in eliciting emotions, sense of presence and reality of the VRE were explored in 22 ED patients and 37 healthy eating individuals. The VRE (non-immersive) consisted of a kitchen room where participants had to eat a virtual pizza. In order to assess the sense of presence and reality produced by the VRE, participants answered seven questions with a Likert scale (0-10) during the experience, and then filled out the Reality Judgment and Presence Questionnaire (RJPQ) and ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI). The results showed that the VRE induced a sense of presence and was felt as real for both groups, without differences in the experience of "ease" with the VRE, sense of physical space, or the ecological validity assigned to the virtual kitchen and eating virtually. However, the ED patients reported paying more attention and experiencing greater emotional involvement and dysphoria after virtual eating. The results suggest that the VRE was clinically meaningful to the ED patients and might be a relevant therapy tool for normalizing their eating patterns.

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“…However, the flexibility of virtual environments can also enable therapists to create, control, and modify realistic scenarios for the treatment of phobias (for a review, see Riva, 2005). Wiederhold and colleagues showed that graded exposures to flying experiences in virtual reality were effective in helping phobic participants to fly without the aid of medication or alcohol (Wiederhold et al, 2002).…”

Section: Phobiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Social Behavior over Time in Second Life

Harris¹,

Bailenson²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2009

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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The current study tracked 80 participants who spent an average of six hours per week in Second Life over six consecutive weeks. Objective measures of movement and chat were automatically collected in real time when participants logged in to Second Life. Data regarding the number of groups and friends was self-reported through online questionnaires on a weekly basis. Results demonstrated that although the social networks of users continued to broaden over the course of the study, users became less inclined to explore regions, decreased their use of high-energy actions such as flying or running, and chatted less. We discuss implications for theories of virtual social interaction as well as the use of Second Life as a social science research platform. IntroductionThis paper describes a six week long study that tracked behavior in the virtual environment, Second Life. Blascovich (2002) proposed a model of how virtual human representations may influence users and result in realistic behaviors, that is, behaviors that would be seen in the real world. Many studies based on this model have illustrated the ways in which the characteristics of virtual environments and interactions result in realistic user behavior. Although most research has focused on individual behavior within interpersonal or small group contexts, only a handful of studies have applied the social influence model to study individual or group behaviors within larger social contexts. The study presented here contributes to the current literature by providing additional evidence for the social influence model in a large-scale context. Furthermore, it is unique in its use of the Second Life platform as a methodological tool for an extended, controlled study within a naturalistic virtual setting. The following sections review Blascovich's model and research of realistic individual behavior within small and large scale social contexts. 2A

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The treatment of fear of flying: a controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy

Cited by 131 publications

References 13 publications

A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation and Therapy

A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation and Therapy

Clinical validation of a virtual environment for normalizing eating patterns in eating disorders

The Evolution of Social Behavior over Time in Second Life

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