The traumatology of the base of the skull and the pneumatic system

A Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for Strategic Planning at the Swiss Forest Enterprise Level: Coping With Climate Change and Shifting Demands in Ecosystem Service Provisioning

“…Further, the MCDA approach is compensatory, which means that indicators with opposite developmental trends can cancel each other out (see e.g., Blagojević et al, 2019). This was for instance the case for the CC1 scenario on biodiversity in BUE, where climate change induced mortality led to a decrease of alive habitat trees (e.g., negative for species inhabiting the crown area, Bütler et al, 2020) and an increase in natural deadwood (e.g., positive for saproxylic species, Haeler et al, 2021). Further reasons for the relatively small climate change impacts were: (1) a relatively short time horizon (50 years), whereas most severe climate change impacts are expected by the end of the 21st century for Switzerland (CH2018, 2018); (2) the climate data used in the forest modeling, which was based on 5 year averages (Zell et al, 2020) and does not represent climatic extreme events; and (3) the problem of a lack of observation data regarding warmer and drier climatic conditions in the calibration range of the forest model, which can lead to underestimated climate change impacts under extreme scenarios (Adams et al, 2013).…”

“…Biodiversity indicators comprised species diversity (expressed by the Shannon index, Shannon and Weaver, 1949) and structural diversity (PostHoc index, Staudhammer and LeMay, 2001) at the level of alpha diversity (representing diversity within each stand) and a gamma diversity (representing diversity at the enterprise level, i.e., the landscape scale), see also Jost (2007) and Sebald et al (2021). Furthermore, the amount of deadwood as well as the number of habitat trees (defined as number trees per ha with a diameter of > 70 cm) were considered, which are particularly important structural attributes for biodiversity conservation (e.g., Bütler et al, 2020;Haeler et al, 2021). Recreation value was considered in terms of forest visual attractiveness, which can be linked to stand structural attributes (Edwards et al, 2012).…”

Präoperative klinische, radiologische und nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik und intraoperativer Befund bei frontobasaler Liquorfistel

“…In der Literatur wird eine Haufigkeit positiver Befunde zwischen 39 und 82% angegeben (6,33). Verschiedene Versuche einer positiven Kontrastdarstellung der Fistel mit Pantopaque oder Luft (20,25,36) (12,22,31). AIs Ursache werden Defekte der Nasenscheidewand und der Septen von Stirnhöhle und Keilbeinhohie ange-sehen.…”

“…Klinisch war bei 20% der Patienten keine Liquorrho nachweisbar. Andere Autoren (3,4,5,11,12,22,31) berichten eine vergieichbare Rate faisch-negativer Befunde. Ubereinstimmend IäBt sich jedoch festhalten, daB sich bei kritischer Gesamtwürdigung eines Falles auch trotz einzelner negativer Befunde der Verdacht auf cine Liquorfistel ergeben kann.…”

Zur Rekonstruktion der Frontobasis mit Keramikwerkstoffen

“…Zu Fragen der Versorgung derartiger Verletzungen nahmen zahireiche Autoren Stellung, wie Voss, (1936), Tönnis und Frowein (1952), Wull.stein (1953), Seferth (1954), Jakobi (1955), Boenninghaus (1960Boenninghaus ( , 1967Boenninghaus ( ,1968Boenninghaus ( ,1974,Metzgeret a!. (1965), Grole(1966), Esther (1967Esther ( , 1969, Kley (1967Kley ( , 1968Kley ( , 1973, Dietz (1970), Probst (1971), Rudert (1973), Langnickel (1975), Seiferth und Wustrow (1977), Pirsig und Treeck (1977) sowie Samii und Draf(1978).…”