The traumatic air myelogram

Yip, Luke; Sweeny, Padraic J.; McCarroll, Kathleen

doi:10.1016/0735-6757(90)90089-i

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Free air surrounding the dura mater spinalis is an uncommon phenomenon that was primarily reported by Gordon et al [ 30 ] in 1977 and described under various terms such as intraspinal pneumocele [ 28 , 38 , 50 ] or pneumocoele [ 78 ], spinal epidural and subarachnoid pneumatosis [ 4 – 6 , 9 , 18 , 19 , 32 – 34 , 41 , 47 , 61 , 74 ], spinal and epidural emphysema [ 4 , 11 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 33 , 59 , 65 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 77 ], aerorachia [ 18 , 22 , 28 , 34 ], pneumosaccus [ 9 , 28 , 62 ], air myelogram [ 2 , 30 , 76 ], pneumomyelogram [ 2 , 3 , 12 , 17 , 20 , 28 , 30 , 76 ] or pneumomyelography [ 26 ]. The term PR itself was first coined 10 years later by Newbold and co-workers [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various conditions may directly or indirectly produce PR including trauma [ 1 – 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 20 – 22 , 26 – 28 , 30 , 32 , 37 – 42 , 45 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 60 , 62 , 64 , 66 – 68 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 78 ], respiratory complications and conditions that produce high intrathoracic pressure and barotraumas [ 5 , 6 , 11 , 14 , 19 , 22 – 24 , 33 , 40 , 47 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 61 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 77 ], recent iatrogenic manipulations during surgical, anaesthesiological and diagnostic interventions [ 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 65 , 71 ], malignancy and its associated therapy [ 29 , 49 , 63 ,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of pneumorrhachis

et al. 2006

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Pneumorrhachis (PR), the presence of intraspinal air, is an exceptional but eminent radiographic finding, accompanied by different aetiologies and possible pathways of air entry into the spinal canal. By reviewing the literature and analysing a personal case of traumatic cervical PR after head injury, we present current data regarding the pathoanatomy, clinical and radiological presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment modalities of patients with PR and associated pathologies to highlight this uncommon phenomenon and outline aetiology-based guidelines for the practical management of PR. Air within the spinal canal can be divided into primary and secondary PR, descriptively classified into extra- or intradural PR and aetiologically subsumed into iatrogenic, traumatic and nontraumatic PR. Intraspinal air is usually found isolated not only in the cervical, thoracic and, less frequently, the lumbosacral regions but can also be located in the entire spinal canal. PR is almost exceptional associated with further air distributions in the body. The pathogenesis and aetiologies of PR are multifold and can be a diagnostic challenge. The diagnostic procedure should include spinal CT, the imaging tool of choice. PR has to be differentiated from free intraspinal gas collections and the coexistence of air and gas within the spinal canal has to be considered differential diagnostically. PR usually represents an asymptomatic epiphenomenon but can also be symptomatic by itself as well as by its underlying pathology. The latter, although often severe, might be concealed and has to be examined carefully to enable adequate patient treatment. The management of PR has to be individualized and frequently requires a multidisciplinary regime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of pneumorrhachis

et al. 2006

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“…The phenomenon of intraspinal air has been described with various terms such as intraspinal pneumocoele, spinal epidural and subarachnoid pneumatosis, aerorachia, pnemosaccus or traumatic pneumomyelogram 1–59,. The term pneumorrhachis was first coined by Newbold et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumorachis of the cervical spine with associated pneumocephalus and subcutaneous emphysema

Arora

Aggarwal

Cheema

et al. 2011

IJOO

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Pneumorachis, the presence of free intraspinal air, is an exceptional radiological finding. We present a case that sustained injury following an assault and was diagnosed to have diffuse pneumocephalus, pneumorachis and extensive surgical emphysema of the head and neck region secondary to the fracture of the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone. To the best of our knowledge pneumorachis due to fracture of the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone has not been reported before, in the English language literature.

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“…? upside down Yip [20] blunt trauma + Skull fracture alive ? Jarolimek [10] occupational accident + frontoparietal dead ?…”

Section: Discussion ▼mentioning

confidence: 99%