The Transnational Investment Bloc in U.S. Policy Toward Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf

Koruzhde, Mazaher; Cox, Ronald W.

doi:10.25148/crcp.10.1.010572

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The rapid depletion of global fossil fuel resources, rising energy demand, and rising costs have led to an increased desire of to reduce reliance on them [1][2][3]. Recent Middle Eastern issues related to fossil fuel non-use and extraction emphasize the need for developing countries to make greater use of sustainable energy sources [4,5]. This motivation arises from the need to address the energy demand challenges related to conventional power generation methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Environmental Evaluation and Optimization of a Hybrid System: Application of Numerical Simulation and Gray Wolf Algorithm in Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi,

Alviz-Meza

2023

Sustainability

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Renewable energy systems have the potential to address increasing energy demand, mitigate environmental degradation, and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. Wind and solar power are examples of renewable energy sources that are characterized by their cleanliness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. The combination of wind and solar energy is motivated by each energy source’s inherent variability. The objective of this study is to assess the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of a hybrid system designed to provide energy. This study utilizes numerical simulation and develops a novel model using the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to assess the technical, economic, and environmental consequences of adopting a hybrid system. The evaluation focused on determining the optimal configuration of a greenhouse unit in Najran, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 20 years. The results showed that the diesel generator produced 42% of the required energy when combined with photovoltaic generators, while photovoltaics produced 58%. The wind turbine generated 23% of the required power while the remaining 77% was produced by the diesel generator. Finally, diesel generators, photovoltaics, wind turbines were observed to generate 37%, 48%, and 15% of the required energy, respectively. This outcome is consistent with current knowledge because solar and wind systems reduce pollution. However, the diesel generator–photovoltaic–wind mode is the preferred method of reducing emissions. Finally, the rate of return on investment for diesel generators is 3.4 years, while for diesel-photovoltaic generators and the triple array it is 2.5 and 2.65 years, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Environmental Evaluation and Optimization of a Hybrid System: Application of Numerical Simulation and Gray Wolf Algorithm in Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi,

Alviz-Meza

2023

Sustainability

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Solar reflection and effect of roof surfaces material characteristics in heat island mitigation: toward green building and urban sustainability in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

Boujelbene,

Boukholda,

Guesmi

et al. 2023

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies

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Several materials have the ability to absorb, accumulate and transmit solar radiation to their surrounding environment. The thermal island effect and micro-climate of urban areas are subject to notable influence from the composition of materials within the city’s crust. The present investigation was carried out with the aim of assessing the impact of roofing and pavement materials’ properties on solar reflection and their potential to mitigate urban heat islands (UHIs). A study of an experimental nature was carried out on a total of 20 conventional materials that are commonly used in the construction of roofs, sidewalks, streets and rooftops in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. The objective of the research was to investigate the impact of different urban surface materials on the rise of ambient air temperature in their vicinity. The present investigation aimed to assess the thermal performance of the specimens, with the purpose of ascertaining the impact of the thermophysical and radiative characteristics of the substances. The findings of the experiments indicate that the Solar Reflectance and temperature of the surrounding environment are primarily influenced by the color and substance of surface materials. Conversely, the texture’s condition has a comparatively minor effect. Both effective factors play an equally significant role in the overall mechanism of increasing the ambient air temperature. The results suggest that a significant proportion of the samples exhibit a maximum surface temperature exceeding 59.4°C, while concurrently displaying a Solar Reflectance Index and albedo <49%. Meanwhile, the implementation of green roofs composed of various types of vegetation, including grass, can effectively alleviate the UHI phenomenon.

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Statistical quality control based on control charts and process efficiency index by the application of fuzzy approach (case study: Ha'il, Saudi Arabia)

Khedher

Boudjemline

Aich

et al. 2023

Water Science &Amp; Technology

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Fuzzy methods using linguistic expressions and fuzzy numbers can provide a more accurate examination of manufacturing systems where data is not clear. Researchers expanded fuzzy control charts (CCs) using fuzzy linguistic statements and investigated the current process efficiency index to evaluate the performance, precision, and accuracy of the production process in a fuzzy state. Compared to nonfuzzy data mode, fuzzy linguistic statements provided decision makers with more options and a more accurate assessment of the quality of products. The fuzzy index of the actual process efficiency analyzed the process by considering mean, target value, and variance of the process simultaneously. Inspection of household water meters in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia showed the actual process index values were less than 1, indicating unfavorable production conditions. Fuzzy methods enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of statistical quality control in real-world systems where precise information may not be readily available. In addition, to provide a new perspective on the comparison of urban water and sewage systems, the results obtained from fuzzy-CC were compared with various machine learning methods such as artificial neural network and M5 model tree, in order to identify and understand their respective advantages and limitations.

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The Transnational Investment Bloc in U.S. Policy Toward Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Techno-Environmental Evaluation and Optimization of a Hybrid System: Application of Numerical Simulation and Gray Wolf Algorithm in Saudi Arabia

Techno-Environmental Evaluation and Optimization of a Hybrid System: Application of Numerical Simulation and Gray Wolf Algorithm in Saudi Arabia

Solar reflection and effect of roof surfaces material characteristics in heat island mitigation: toward green building and urban sustainability in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

Statistical quality control based on control charts and process efficiency index by the application of fuzzy approach (case study: Ha'il, Saudi Arabia)

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