The transmission game: Testing behavioral interventions in a pandemic-like simulation

Woike, Jan K.; Hafenbrädl, Sebastian; Kanngießer, Patricia; Hertwig, Ralph

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk0428

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Consistent with this conceptualization, D shows high stability over 4 years, performs on par with most specific aversive traits in predicting the development of said trait (Zettler et al, 2021), and predicts many consequential outcomes in a variety of domains, including aggression, behavioral nonadjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic, cheating, crime, sexism, social preferences, vengeance, and violence (Bader et al, 2022; Bonfá-Araujo et al, 2023; Denissen et al, 2022; Dinić et al, 2023; Hilbig et al, 2023; Rudloff et al, 2023; Schrödter et al, 2021; Ścigała et al, 2021; Vize et al, 2021; Woike et al, 2022). Crucially, D has been shown to fully account for the aversive essence of specific aversive traits in that the latter typically do not explain incremental variance in aversive outcomes once controlling for D (Hilbig et al, 2023; Moshagen et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Dark Factor Of Personality (D)mentioning

confidence: 69%

How and why aversive personality is expressed in political preferences.

Moshagen,

Hilbig,

Zettler

2024

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Political orientation reflects beliefs, opinions, and values that are, at least in part, rooted in stable interindividual differences. Whereas evidence has accumulated with regard to the relevance of basic personality dimensions, especially concerning the sociocultural dimension of political ideology, less attention has been paid to the more specific dispositional tendency to assign a higher weight to one’s own utility above others’ (i.e., socially aversive personality), which is likely to play a pivotal role concerning the economic dimension of political ideology in particular. In three studies with over 66,000 participants from 38 countries, we show that individuals with elevated levels in aversive personality tend to endorse more right-wing political orientations in terms of a single left–right dimension, hold relevant ideological beliefs tied to both sociocultural and economic conservatism, and report corresponding electoral voting behavior. We further provide support for the idea that this overlap between a dispositional tendency toward aversive behavior and a right-wing political orientation can be attributed to shared belief systems.

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Section: The Dark Factor Of Personality (D)mentioning

confidence: 69%

How and why aversive personality is expressed in political preferences.

Moshagen,

Hilbig,

Zettler

2024

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Previous studies have shown that merely reporting daily case numbers has little impact on behavioural change, including vaccination 52,53 . Our study found that reporting the number of COVID-19 report cases had a negative association with the primary vaccine doses uptake in P1 and P2, and the association with uptake of the booster dose disappeared in P3 and P4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic predictors of vaccination uptake over two years of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign: lessons from Hong Kong

Liao,

YUAN,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Promoting high vaccine uptake is a primary public health policy in mitigating the profound impact of COVID-19 pandemic. The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a dynamic evaluation of factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake to inform a strategic plan on vaccination programmes. Using real-time population-based data that covered the two-year COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Hong Kong, this study was aimed to systematically investigate factors associated with the uptake of the primary and booster vaccine doses at different stages of the vaccination programme. We adopted a novel network approach to map the relationships of multilevel variables involving contextual factors (number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the community, social vulnerability of the residential areas), COVID-19 risk perceptions, COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, mental and physical health variables as well as demographics with COVID-19 vaccination uptake over four key periods (P1-P4) of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Hong Kong. In total, 3523, 7056, 2580 and 2020 participants in P1, P2, P3 and P4 were included in our network analyses. A total of 983 participants’ verbal reasons for rejecting vaccination were also collected to supplement our understanding of factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Our study sheds light on how to improve the effectiveness of future vaccination programmes against a pandemic. First, while people value vaccine safety more in the initial vaccination campaign, more attention is given to vaccine effectiveness at the later stage when evidence about vaccine safety has accumulated. Second, older people and those with chronic disease status are persistently the more vaccine-hesitant groups throughout vaccine rollout. This could be due to the contexts of insufficient decisional support from healthcare workers and family members for older people and their lower health literacy, a case in Hong Kong. However, more proactive and tailored strategies can successfully boost older peoples’ vaccination uptake, which is evidenced by the implementation of home-based vaccination campaign in Hong Kong when the most severe Omicron wave occurred. Third, disease risk has a weak association with vaccination uptake when vaccines become available, suggesting that people start to shift their attention to vaccine risk from disease risk after the vaccines become available particularly when the disease incidence in the community temporarily declines. Communication should focus on addressing concerns about vaccine safety and promoting awareness of disease resurgence risk. Fourth, more adoption of non-pharmaceutical preventive measures against COVID-19 is associated with lower uptake of the vaccine. Such pattern is more evident in P1, indicating that adoption of non-pharmaceutical preventive behaviours might give people the illusion that vaccination is not important and thereby demotivates their vaccination uptake. This is particularly the case in Hong Kong as the zero-COVID policy was implemented to contain disease spread before the Omicron wave occurred. Fifth, better-educated and married participants are likely to be the early innovation adopters who are more supportive of new vaccine-related policies and thereby should be one important target group for mobilizing other groups’ vaccination uptake. Furthermore, trust in government can be an important “bridging” factor to link other variables in the networks with vaccine confidence attitudes which subsequently closely correlate with vaccination uptake.

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“…In particular, behavioral health games model the social dilemma in health decisions resulting from the tension between individual and collective interests. For instance, previous research has adopted behavioral games to model the positive social externalities from getting vaccinated by increasing herd immunity (Chapman et al, 2012; Korn et al, 2020) or adhering to pandemic measures (van Baal et al, 2022; Woike et al, 2022). Recently, behavioral games have also been used to model the negative social externalities from overusing antibiotics by increasing AMR (Böhm et al, 2022; Santana et al, 2023).…”

Section: Delayed Prescribingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and reducing inappropriate antibiotic use in the context of delayed prescriptions.

Santana,

Korn,

Betsch

et al. 2024

Health Psychology

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Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat perpetuated by the overprescribing of antibiotics in primary care. One strategy to reduce antibiotic use in this setting is delayed prescribing. However, several psychological factors might undermine its effectiveness. The aim of the study was to test whether different interventions aiming at helping patients to manage diagnostic uncertainty in the period of watchful waiting promote appropriate antibiotic use. Method: We conducted a preregistered online experiment (N = 690 adult participants from the United Kingdom) in which we modeled delayed prescription in a decision task with behavior-contingent incentives. Participants had either a fictional viral or bacterial infection and received interventions that aimed at facilitating symptom monitoring (i.e., passive monitoring) and engaging participants in the task (i.e., active monitoring). Results: Both interventions decreased antibiotic use when the disease was viral. Active monitoring was more efficient in decreasing antibiotic use than passive monitoring. Conclusions: The findings have practical implications for managing uncertainty and fostering appropriate antibiotic use in delayed prescribing situations. Public Significance StatementThe present study contributes with evidence on the effects of monitoring interventions facilitating management of diagnostic uncertainty in delayed prescribing situations. The findings indicate that self-monitoring interventions can be a valuable approach to improve adherence to delayed prescribing, thereby reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

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The transmission game: Testing behavioral interventions in a pandemic-like simulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

How and why aversive personality is expressed in political preferences.

How and why aversive personality is expressed in political preferences.

Dynamic predictors of vaccination uptake over two years of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign: lessons from Hong Kong

Understanding and reducing inappropriate antibiotic use in the context of delayed prescriptions.

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