The Transmission and Antibiotic Resistance Variation in a Multiple Drug Resistance Clade of Vibrio cholerae Circulating in Multiple Countries in Asia

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae has caused massive outbreaks and even trans-continental epidemics. In 2008 and 2010, at least 3 remarkable cholera outbreaks occurred in Hainan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China. To address the possible transmissions and the relationships to the 7th pandemic strains of those 3 outbreaks, we sequenced the whole genomes of the outbreak isolates and compared with the global isolates from the 7th pandemic. The three outbreaks in this study were caused by a cluster of V. cholerae in clade 3.B which is parallel to the clade 3.C that was transmitted from Nepal to Haiti and caused an outbreak in 2010. Pan-genome analysis provided additional evolution information on the mobile element and acquired multiple antibiotic resistance genes. We suggested that clade 3.B should be monitored because the multiple antibiotic resistant characteristics of this clade and the ‘amplifier’ function of China in the global transmission of current Cholera pandemic. We also show that dedicated whole genome sequencing analysis provided more information than the previous techniques and should be applied in the disease surveillance networks.

Whole-Genome Analysis of Clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 in Kolkata, India, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, Reveals Two Lineages of Circulating Strains, Indicating Variation in Genomic Attributes

“…This result indicated that early wave 3 has remained in Bangladesh. In comparison, the isolates in the recent catastrophic outbreaks in Yemen and Haiti were related to lineage 2, and several reports demonstrated that the source of spreading was derived from India (12,19), whereas lineage 1 has been associated with epidemics in China and Vietnam (27,31). The factor(s) causing the difference in epidemic scale was unclear.…”

“… V. cholerae was isolated by streaking the stool samples on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar plates, and typical sucrose-fermenting yellow colonies were considered presumptive V. cholerae . Single isolated yellow colonies were streaked on an LB agar plate (Difco), and then the bacterial lawn on the LB agar plate was subjected to an oxidase and string test as described earlier ( 31 ). Oxidase and string test-positive cultures were checked for slide agglutination to confirm their serogroup with polyvalent O1-specific antisera according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Denka Seiken).…”

Characterization and Genetic Variation of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Thailand

“…In addition, other clinical strains exhibited resistance to TET, AZM, and AMP in contrast to the environmental strains which were mostly resistant to NAL followed by AMP, TMP, and TET. Previous reports have described different antimicrobial resistant profiles compared with those from Thailand, such as resistance to furazolidone, NAL, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in Haiti [56] as well as TET, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim in China [57]. During 2003–2011, V .…”

Vibrio cholerae: doença, manifestações clínicas e microbiologia

“…19,26 Recentemente várias investigações abordaram e apontaram um problema real de resistência de V. cholerae O1 à tetraciclina e outros antimicrobianos em diversas áreas, predominantemente na África e Ásia. 27,28 Dessa forma, os antibióticos encurtam o curso e diminuem a gravidade da doença, mas não são tão importantes quanto a reidratação.…”