The transition time to gambling disorder: The roles that age, gambling preference and personality traits play

Pettorruso, Mauro; Testa, Giulia; Granero, Roser; Martinotti, Giovanni; d’Andrea, Giacomo; Giannantonio, Massimo Di; Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando; Mena-Moreno, Teresa; Gómez-Peña, Mònica; Moragas, Laura; Baenas, Isabel; Pino-Gutiérrez, Amparo del; Codina, Ester; Valenciano‐Mendoza, Eduardo; Mora-Maltas, Bernat; Zoratto, Francesca; Valero-Solís, Susana; Guillén-Guzmán, Elías; Menchón, José M.; Jiménez‐Murcia, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106813

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, the current findings should be interpreted considering some limitations. First, the majority of the patients who sought treatment for GD were male, which is consistent with previous reports [ 57 , 83 , 84 ]. To avoid gender as a source of bias leading to incorrect conclusions, and given the gender differences in GD profiles and course [ 85 , 86 ], only males were included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling [ 55 ] is a 19-item diagnostic questionnaire based on DSM-5 criteria [ 56 ] designed to measure the presence of the GD diagnosis (present-absent) and the level of severity (zero criteria: non-problem gambling; 1–3 criteria, problem gambling; 4–5 criteria, moderate-GD; 6–7 criteria, mild-GD; 8–9 criteria, severe-GD). The sum of the DSM-5 criteria/symptoms was adopted as a measure of the GD severity within a continuum ranging from 4 to 9, as in previous studies [ 57 ]. The Spanish adaptation of the questionnaire was used in this study (Cronbach’s alpha α = 0.81 for the general population and α = 0.77 for clinical samples; [ 58 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates were obtained within the total sample and also stratified by the groups defined by the participants’ age. Three sub-groups based on other studies within the GD area were considered [ 50 , 57 , 66 , 67 ]: younger age (18 to 34 years old), middle-age (35 to 50 years old), and older age (51 to 80 years)], in addition to the gambling preference (non-strategic, strategic and mixed). Partial correlations adjusted by age were obtained within the groups of patients with different gambling preferences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delay Discounting in Gambling Disorder: Implications in Treatment Outcome

Mena-Moreno

Testa

Mestre‐Bach

et al. 2022

JCM

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Impulsive choice, measured by delay discounting (DD) tasks, has been shown in patients with gambling disorders (GD). However, the impact of DD and treatment outcome has been scarcely explored in GD patients. The aims of this study were: (1) to examine the baseline association between DD and clinical variables in GD patients depending on their age and gambling preferences (strategic vs. non-strategic); and (2) to estimate the predictive role of DD on poorer outcomes of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when considering also the effect of other clinical variables. 133 treatment-seeking male GD patients were evaluated at baseline with a DD task and measures of GD severity, personality traits and psychopathology. Treatment outcome was measured in terms of dropout from CBT and relapses. Results showed baseline associations between DD and GD severity (correlation coefficient R = 0.408 among strategic gamblers and R = 0.279 among mixed gamblers) and between DD and positive/negative urgency (R = 0.330 for the youngest patients, R = 0.244 for middle age, and around R = 0.35 for gamblers who reported preferences for strategic games). Other personality traits such as high harm avoidance and low cooperativeness were also related to DD at baseline (R = 0.606 among strategic gamblers). Regarding treatment outcome, a steeper discount rate predicted a higher risk of relapses in strategic gamblers (odds ratio OR = 3.01) and middle-age ones (OR = 1.59), and a higher risk of dropout in younger gamblers (OR = 1.89), non-strategic gamblers (OR = 1.70) and mixed gamblers (R = 4.74). GD severity mediated the associations between age, DD, personality traits and poor CBT outcome. In conclusion, impulsive choice affects treatment response in individuals with GD and may interfere with it to a significant extent. Considering DD in GD, patients seeking treatment could help control its impact on treatment adherence and relapses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delay Discounting in Gambling Disorder: Implications in Treatment Outcome

Mena-Moreno

Testa

Mestre‐Bach

et al. 2022

JCM

Self Cite

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“…It is also important to note that although we did not observe an association between the dysfunction in neurotransmission and the duration of GD behaviour, the transition time between problematic gaming and pathological gambling may be longer in older individuals with GD. 60 It is therefore medications or Parkinsonian pathology. 61 Finally, genetic susceptibility may also be important, as has been hypothesized in aripiprazoleinduced GD via genetic polymorphism on the dopamine D2 receptor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder

et al. 2023

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Gambling disorder (GD) is major public health issue. The disorder is often characterized by elevated impulsivity with evidence from analogous substance use disorders underlining prominent roles of brain monoamines in addiction susceptibility and outcome. Critically, GD allows the study of addiction mechanisms without the confounder of the effects of chronic substances. Here, we assessed the roles of striatal dopamine transporter binding and extrastriatal serotonin transporter binding in GD as a function of impulsivity using [ 123 I]FP-CIT SPECT imaging in 20 older adults with GD (DSM-5 criteria; mean age 64 years) and 40 non-GD age-and sex-matched controls. We focused on GD in older individuals because there are prominent age-related changes in neurotransmitter function and because there are no reported neuroimaging studies of GD in older adults. Volume-of-interest-based and voxelwise analyses were performed. GD patients scored clearly higher on impulsivity and had higher tracer binding in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex than controls (p < 0.001), likely reflecting serotonin transporter activity. The binding in the medial prefrontal cortex positively correlated with impulsivity over the whole sample (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) as

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“…Several studies have reported common risk characteristics and transits from problematic Internet gaming to pathologic gambling (31,32). Problematic Internet use-including in Internet gaming, social media use, web-streaming, pornography viewing, Internet gambling, and buying-has been linked to emotional dysregulation and negative affect (31). The transition from problematic Internet gaming to pathologic gambling has been associated with old age, low self-directedness, and preference for non-strategic gambling (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Adolescent Internet Gaming and Adult Problematic Web-Based Board Gaming

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The results of studies comparing the characteristics of Internet gaming with those of Internet gambling have been controversial. We hypothesized that problematic web-based board gaming behaviors are associated with psychological and social interaction factors. We also hypothesized that non-problematic adolescent Internet gaming is a protective factor against problematic web-based board gaming and that problematic Internet gaming is a predictive factor for problematic web-based board gaming.Methods: We recruited 104 adults who reported engaging in web-based gaming. All participants were asked to complete the Problematic Web Board Gameplay Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (K-AADHD), Family Environmental Scale (FES), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), and questionnaires on their web-based board gaming patterns and Internet gaming history.Results: Problematic web-based board gamers showed a lower history of adolescent Internet gaming but a greater rate of problematic Internet gaming compared with healthy web-based board gamers. Moreover, problematic web-based board gamers showed an increase in CES-D, STAI, K-AADHD, and SADS scores but decreased FES scores compared with healthy web-based board gamers. Joblessness; less experience as an Internet gamer; a history of problematic Internet gaming; higher CES-D, STAI, and K-AADHD scores; and lower FES scores were significant predictors of problematic web-based board gaming.Discussion: Psychological, social, and environmental factors can positively influence problematic Web-based board gaming. Healthy Internet gaming during adolescence may play a preventive role in adult problematic web-based board gaming. However, because adolescent problematic Internet gaming tends to lead to problematic web-based board gaming, measures should be taken to prevent it.

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The transition time to gambling disorder: The roles that age, gambling preference and personality traits play

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Delay Discounting in Gambling Disorder: Implications in Treatment Outcome

Delay Discounting in Gambling Disorder: Implications in Treatment Outcome

Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder

Association Between Adolescent Internet Gaming and Adult Problematic Web-Based Board Gaming

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