The Transient Appearance of Small Blastoid Cells in the Marrow after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Kobayashi, Shôichi; Seki, K; N, Suwa; Koama, Chiyomi; Yamamoto, Toshiharu; Aiba, Koudou; Maruta, Atsuo; Matsuzaki, Michio; Fukawa, H; Kanamori, Heiwa; Harano, Hiroshi; Miyashita, Hiroko; Kodama, Fumio

doi:10.1093/ajcp/96.2.191

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…16,26 An increase in the least mature (CD34 ϩ , TdT ϩ ) and decrease in the more mature (CD20 ϩ ) B-cell precursors have been reported in the earliest regeneration phases of marrow reconstitution following chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplantation. 13,19,24 We have also observed a predominance of markedly left-shifted hematogones in some cases in the early stages following bone marrow transplantation. In this setting there is greater potential for mistaking the least mature hematogones for neoplastic lymphoblasts, but even in these cases a maturational sequence is identified and aberrant antigen expression is not observed.…”

Section: Total Specimens 53mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, our observations regarding the association of these disorders with increased hematogones are similar to those of several other studies. [3][4][5]9,[13][14][15]17,18 The biological significance of increased marrow hematogones in these conditions is presently unclear, but our findings and those of other investigators suggest that B lymphocytogenesis is stimulated in some diseases and as a phenomenon of marrow regeneration. 9,19 The method of specimen processing and marrow involvement by neoplastic cells impacted the relative size of the hematogone compartment.…”

Section: Total Specimens 53mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Hematogones may be particularly prominent in the regeneration phase following chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation and in patients with autoimmune and congenital cytopenias, neoplasms, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 3,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In some instances they constitute 5% to more than 50% of cells. 3,5,8,25,26 Increased numbers of hematogones may cause problems in diagnosis because of the morphologic features they commonly share with the neoplastic lymphoblasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reports of increased hematogones in specific diseases are mostly retrospective studies based on relatively small patient cohorts, lacking broad control populations. [3][4][5]9,13 Furthermore, in most flow cytometry studies hematogones have been reported as the percent of total lymphocytes or of B lymphocytes 8,17,26,[34][35][36] and in only a few reports as a percent of total events. 9,10,37 Finally, prior studies have not addressed the effects of the specimen-processing method and marrow involvement with neoplastic cells on the percentage of hematogones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry

McKenna

Washington

Aquino

et al. 2001

Blood

338

281

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Bone marrow hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) may cause problems in diagnosis because of their morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities to neoplastic lymphoblasts. The purposes of this prospective, multiparametric flow cytometry study were to quantify hematogones across age groups and a spectrum of clinical conditions, to identify factors that affect the relative quantity of hematogones, and to compare their immunophenotype with that of neoplastic lymphoblasts. A total of 662 consecutive marrow specimens were analyzed for hematogones using one of two 4-color antibody combinations; hematogones were identified in 528 (79.8%). There was a significant decline in hematogones with increasing age (P < .001), but a broad range was found at all ages and many adults had a relatively high number. Specimens processed by density gradient had a higher mean percent hematogones than those processed by erythrocyte lysis (P < .001). There was a direct decline in hematogones with increasing marrow involvement with neoplastic cells. A total of 8% of the 662 specimens contained 5% or more hematogones: 24.6% of specimens from patients aged less than 16 years and 6.3% from those 16 and older (P < .000 01).

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Section: Total Specimens 53mentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Total Specimens 53mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry

McKenna

Washington

Aquino

et al. 2001

Blood

338

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An increase in the least mature [CD34 ( + ), TdT ( + )] and decrease in the more mature [CD20 ( + )] Bcell precursors have been reported in the earliest regeneration phases of marrow reconstitution following chemotherapy or a bone marrow transplant [23,28,36,49]. In this setting there is greater potential for mistaking the least mature hematogones for neoplastic lymphoblasts, but even in these cases a maturational sequence is identified and aberrant antigen expression is not observed.…”

Section: Immunophenotypic Distinction Of Hematogones and Neoplastic Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

McKenna

Asplund

Kroft

2004

Leukemia & Lymphoma

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Hematogones are identified by 4-color flow cytometry in most bone marrow specimens. They are more commonly found and are generally present in higher numbers in children. There is a general decline in hematogones with increasing age but a broad range exists at all ages and marrow from some adults contains relatively high numbers. They are often increased (> 5%) in regenerating marrow and in some clinical conditions, particularly various types of cytopenias and neoplastic diseases. Hematogones may morphologically resemble the neoplastic lymphoblasts of precursor B ALL and their immunophenotype also has features in common with neoplastic lymphoblasts. Distinguishing hematogones from neoplastic lymphoblasts may be problematic in post-chemotherapy and post-bone marrow transplant regenerating marrow. With 4-color flow cytometry using optimal antibody combinations the distinction can nearly always be made. Hematogone populations always exhibit a continuous and complete maturation spectrum of antigen expression typical of the normal evolution of B-lineage precursors; they lack aberrant or asynchronous antigen expression. The neoplastic lymphoblasts in precursor B ALL deviate from the normal B-lineage maturation spectrum and exhibit maturation arrest and over-, under-, and asynchronous expression of antigens observed on normal B-cell precursors and they often aberrantly express myeloid-associated antigens.

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Miscellaneous Disorders

Mbbs

Clark

et al. 2001

Bone Marrow Pathology

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The Transient Appearance of Small Blastoid Cells in the Marrow after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry

Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematogones (B-Lymphocyte Precursors) and Neoplastic Lymphoblasts by 4-Color Flow Cytometry

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