The Transient and Progressive Flooding Stages of Damaged Ro-Ro Vessels: A Systematic Review of Entailed Factors

Abstract

Roll-on/roll-off vessels appear to be sensitive to rapid capsizing due to an abrupt ingress of water caused by maritime accidents. As a result of the damage creation, the flooded ship can experience intermediate stages, which might be more devastating than the final condition, as the sudden loading could significantly alter the ship stability characteristics. Far from a probabilistic analysis, the paper under study presents the state-of-the-art in regards to flooding physics by treating some relevant important topics. It sheds light on the transient and progressive flooding stages, focuses on relevant factors, and suggests combinations between factors that strongly affect the flooding before the steady state is reached. Furthermore, the authors comment on some points, which remain difficult to take into consideration either numerically or experimentally, and propose, where found necessary, recommendations for a more reliable assessment of the flooding process. This review shows that the intermediate flooding phase depends upon many factors, and its assessment could be adequate in calm water condition. The effects and interdependency between these factors still require further investigation. Therefore, we recommend carrying out a wide range parametric investigation into these factors, which consider their interdependency and encourage the application of the design of experiments methodology.

A sequential barrier-based model to evaluate human reliability in maritime accident process

“…The developing states of bad weather and fire/explosion is defined according to the emergency plan of ships, which is required by SOLAS. Since the accident may developed into the second tier (ST) accidents (Initiating event of another event) according to the study of Uluscu [37], the flooding accident is also analyzed according to the previous work of Khaddaj-Mallat [17]. In this section, the proposed model is applied to maritime accident analysis by using the collected maritime investigation reports.…”

“…But for the maritime accidents [15][16][17] with dynamic developing feature, few researches studied the human reliability in the different stages in terms of the difficulty and limitation of the specified task. Moreover, the existing models mainly focused on the evaluation of human reliability in the specified accident or scenario, which may have difficulty in obtaining generalized insights to prevent maritime accidents.…”

Systematic Review Checklist

“…Interest in systematic reviews of the literature, with or without meta‐analysis, is increasing in many disciplines, including LCA. In the medical literature the frequent publication of systematic reviews is reflected in the manuscript title “Seventy‐five trials and eleven systematic reviews a day: How will we keep up?”(Bastian et al 2010), and there are recent systematic reviews on other topics such as education (Salleh et al 2011), employee retention (Ghapanchi and Aurum 2011), ecology (Kettenring and Adams 2011), and engineering (Khaddaj‐Mallat et al 2011).…”

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for coupled analysis of a damaged ship with internal sloshing in beam seas

“…The flooding process in a damaged compartment consists of the inflow, inflooding motions, and progression 8 may be accompanied with nonlinear flow behaviors, e.g., inflooding jet, sloshing, and free surface breaking. The dynamic motion of internal and external liquid loads and ship hull are strongly coupled, which can be a severe risk to the ship stability 8 and even cause the ship to sink.…”