The transformation of medical education in eighteenth‐century England: international developments and the West Midlands

Reinarz, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/00467600802109846

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Late in the century, as provincial towns and their hospital opportunities expanded, some of the major centers like Birmingham, Manchester, and Bristol began to develop similar programs, although it was hard for them to compete with London or Edinburgh in prestige. They also sought to develop a "collegial" setting by forming medical societies that were often based on a library, to remind us of the continuing role of book learning, although the books that many practitioners were now publishing were increasingly reports of their medical practice (Reinarz 2007(Reinarz , 2008(Reinarz , 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating physicians in seventeenth-century England

Barry

2019

Sci Context

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ArgumentThe tension between theoretical and practical knowledge was particularly problematic for trainee physicians. Unlike civic apprenticeships in surgery and pharmacy, in early modern England there was no standard procedure for obtaining education in the practical aspects of the physician's role, a very uncertain process of certification, and little regulation to ensure a suitable reward for their educational investment. For all the emphasis on academic learning and international travel, the majority of provincial physicians returned to practice in their home area, because establishing a practice owed more to networks of kinship, patronage and credit than to formal qualifications. Only when (and where) practitioners had to rely solely on their professional qualification to establish their status as young practitioners that the community could trust would proposals to reform medical education, such as those put forward to address a crisis of medicine in Restoration London, which are examined here, be converted into national regulation of medical education in the early nineteenth century, although these proposals prefigured many informal developments in medical training in the eighteenth century.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating physicians in seventeenth-century England

Barry

2019

Sci Context

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“…67 As Jonathan Reinarz has shown, for instance, the Birmingham practitioner Thomas Tomlinson (who, along with William Hey, was a student of William Bromfield at St George’s Hospital in the 1750s) provided his apprentices with the first series of practical anatomy lectures in the town in 1768, with further lectures delivered at the establishment of the Birmingham teaching hospital in 1779. 68 The new provincial hospitals of the eighteenth century moreover began to offer instruction in surgery in a similar vein to that provided in London, building upon a widely-held belief that public infirmaries were an important feature of any medical education. 69 Criminal corpses may well have figured in such instruction — judicial records make it clear that the bodies of executed murderers were handed over to several hospitals in the second half of the eighteenth century which were based in assize towns, including (amongst others) the Devon and Exeter hospital, the Winchester county hospital and the Worcester infirmary.…”

Section: Motivations Behind the 1786 Dissection Of Convicts Bill: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Criminal Corpse, Anatomists, and the Criminal Law: Parliamentary Attempts to Extend the Dissection of Offenders in Late Eighteenth-Century England

Ward¹

2015

J. Br. Stud.

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In the later eighteenth century two schemes were introduced in Parliament for extending the practice of handing over the bodies of executed offenders to anatomists for dissection. Both measures were motivated by the needs of anatomy - including the improvement of surgical skill, the development of medical teaching in the provinces, and for conducting public anatomical demonstrations. Yet both failed to pass into law due to concerns about the possibly damaging effects in terms of criminal justice. Through a detailed analysis of the origins and progress of these two parliamentary measures - a moment when the competing claims of anatomy and criminal justice vied for supremacy over the criminal corpse - the following article sheds light on judicial attitudes to dissection as a method of punishment and adds to our understanding of why the dread of dissection would come to fall upon the dead poor (rather than executed offenders) in the nineteenth century.

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“…The birth of modern medical education in eighteenth‐century England saw a shift away from individual medical apprenticeships and towards instruction in formal lectures, dissections, and operating theatres. Reinarz examines this transformation in the career of the enlightened surgeon Thomas Tomlinson, an early provider of formal medical education. The role of Charles Maclean in challenging the exclusivity of medical knowledge is highlighted by Kelly in the context of the early nineteenth‐century contagion debates, while Leong provides a valuable study of the importance of home‐made household medicines, stressing the close relationship between professional and domestic medicinal practices.…”

Section: (Iv) 1700–1850 Peter Kirby University Of Manchestermentioning

confidence: 99%