The transformation of high-viscosity oil of carbonate rock in the presence of CO[AcAc]₃ catalyst in a vapor-air medium

Conversion of Organic Matter of Carbonate Deposits in the Hydrothermal Fluid

“…These changes are widely believed to be the main factors causing the formation of petroleum hydrocarbons from the organic matter of rocks [42][43][44][45][46][47]. Thermal enhanced oil recovery by steam injection treatment is recognized as being one of the most promising methods for the development of unconventional oil deposits (where water is used in the form of a hydrothermal fluid [42,[48][49][50]).…”

Upgrading of heavy crude oil in supercritical aqueous fluid in the presence of activated charcoal

“…The use of hydrogen and expensive catalysts for upgrading of heavy crude oil is not an efficient solution, since it leads to an increase in the cost of technology, as well as requires a complex catalyst regeneration stage. In this regard, re-search aimed at creating upgraded heavy crude oil, without hydrogen based technologies, focused on the destruction of large molecules of hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes with the formation of low molecular weight compounds is of particular interest [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The first experimental studies on high-temperature transformations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of water vapor and minerals with developed surface area were carried out in the late 1970s and early 1980s [7,8].…”