The transfer of dry-land strength &amp; power into thrust in competitive swimming

Tan, Julian Q.J.; Lee, Marcus J. C.; Boey, Desmond; Lum, Danny; Barbosa, Tiago M.

doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1869815

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Lopes et al [ 7 ] showed that resistance training on dry land with intensities between 60% and 80% of the training load improves the upper body strength (the increase in the 1RM bench press) and 50 m in the front crawl (3.98%). The gain effect of strength in water by the transfer of dry land strength and conditioning into muscle strength propulsive in front crawl swimming after 9 weeks of concurrent resistance training may be a factor that can improve all the variables related to sprint swimming performance [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Amara

Barbosa

Negra

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to examine the effect of 9 weeks of concurrent resistance training (CRT) between resistance on dry land (bench press (BP) and medicine ball throw) and resistance in water (water parachute and hand paddles) on muscle strength, sprint swimming performance and kinematic variables compared by the usual training (standard in-water training). Twenty-two male competitive swimmers participated in this study and were randomly allocated to two groups. The CRT group (CRTG, age = 16.5 ± 0.30 years) performed a CRT program, and the control group (CG, age = 16.1 ± 0.32 years) completed their usual training. The independent variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. The findings showed that the one-repetition maximum bench press (1RM BP) was improved only after a CRT program (d = 2.18; +12.11 ± 1.79%). Moreover, all sprint swimming performances were optimized in the CRT group (d = 1.3 to 2.61; −4.22 ± 0.18% to −7.13 ± 0.23%). In addition, the findings revealed an increase in velocity and stroke rate (d = 1.67, d = 2.24; 9.36 ± 2.55%, 13.51 ± 4.22%, respectively) after the CRT program. The CRT program improved the muscle strength, which, in turn, improved the stroke rate, with no change in the stroke length. Then, the improved stroke rate increased the swimming velocity. Ultimately, a faster velocity leads to better swim performances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Amara

Barbosa

Negra

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Besides task-related parameters (i.e., variables assessed during and related to actual swimming), organismic-related parameters (i.e., variables related to the swimmer itself) that are not specific to the swimming task have been indirectly correlated to swimming performance, e.g., dry-land upper-body strength [ 2 , 3 ], has been reported to be positively correlated with swimming speed. Anthropometric features, such as height [ 4 , 5 ], arm span [ 6 , 7 ], and hand surface area [ 8 ], have been reported to directly or indirectly affect swimming speed and other performance-related parameters [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Upper Quarter Dynamic Balance, Anthropometrics, Kinematics, and Swimming Speed

Bartolomeu

Sampaio

Oliveira

et al. 2023

JFMK

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Besides recurrently assessed water-based parameters, there are also some individual characteristics that affect swimming performance that are not water related. In the past few years, dynamic balance has been associated with land sports performance. Conversely, evidence on this topic in swimming is scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between on-land dynamic balance and swimming performance. Sixteen young adults and recreational swimmers were recruited for the present study (8 males 20.8 ± 2.0 years, and 8 females 20.1 ± 1.9 years). A set of anthropometric features were measured. The upper quarter Y-balance test was selected as a dynamic balance outcome, and swimming speed as the swimming performance indicator. The results showed a moderate and positive correlation between dynamic balance and swimming performance (p < 0.05). Speed fluctuation was highly and negatively related to swimming speed (p < 0.001), i.e., swimmers who had higher scores in the dynamic balance were more likely to deliver better performances. This suggests that in recreational swimmers, the stability and mobility of the upper extremity had a greater influence on swimming performance. Therefore, swimming instructors are advised to include dynamic balance exercises in their land-based training sessions to improve their swimmers’ performance.

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“…The exercise selected in the present study (bench press) activates a similar muscle group to that used in the front crawl [ 22 ], but may not facilitate muscle actions at a relevant speed. Recent evidence suggests that the speed of movement, as well as the performance level of swimmers, may alter the correlation with swimming speed [ 23 ]. This limitation may be partially overcome using the F–V and P–V profiles in specific dry-land exercises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-Land Force–Velocity, Power–Velocity, and Swimming-Specific Force Relation to Single and Repeated Sprint Swimming Performance

Chalkiadakis,

Arsoniadis,

Toubekis

2023

JFMK

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The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between dry-land and in-water strength with performance and kinematic variables in short-distance, middle-distance, and repeated sprint swimming. Fifteen competitive swimmers applied a bench press exercise to measure maximum strength (MS), maximum power (P), strength corresponding to P (F@P), maximum velocity (MV), and velocity corresponding to P (V@P) using F–V and P–V relationships. On a following day, swimmers performed a 10 s tethered swimming sprint (TF), and impulse was measured (IMP). On three separate days, swimmers performed (i) 50 and 100 m, (ii) 200 and 400 m, and (iii) 4 × 50 m front crawl sprint tests. Performance time (T), arm stroke rate (SR), arm stroke length (SL), and arm stroke index (SI) were calculated in all tests. Performance in short- and middle-distance tests and in 4 × 50 m training sets were related to dry-land MS, P, TF, and IMP (r = 0.51–0.83; p < 0.05). MS, P, and TF were related to SR in 50 m and SI in 50 and 100 m (r = 0.55–0.71; p < 0.05). A combination of dry-land P and in-water TF variables explains 80% of the 50 m performance time variation. Bench press power and tethered swimming force correlate with performance in short- and middle-distance tests and repeated sprint swimming.

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The transfer of dry-land strength & power into thrust in competitive swimming

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Association between the Upper Quarter Dynamic Balance, Anthropometrics, Kinematics, and Swimming Speed

Dry-Land Force–Velocity, Power–Velocity, and Swimming-Specific Force Relation to Single and Repeated Sprint Swimming Performance

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