The Transeurasian Languages

Robbeets, Martine

doi:10.1017/9781107279872.023

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…I added 35 features on phonology and formal representation to increase the variability among language families. Eight of these feature formulations (TE004–TE008, TE018, TE019, TE027) are based on the feature set from Robbeets [ 30 ] and show some variation in the region. Each feature received the value 1, if the feature question could be answered with a ‘yes’, and the value 0, if the feature question could be answered with a ‘no’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic signal and rate of evolutionary change in language structures

Hübler

2022

R. Soc. open sci.

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Within linguistics, there is an ongoing debate about whether some language structures remain stable over time, which structures these are and whether they can be used to uncover the relationships between languages. However, there is no consensus on the definition of the term ‘stability’. I define ‘stability’ as a high phylogenetic signal and a low rate of change. I use metric D to measure the phylogenetic signal and Hidden Markov Model to calculate the evolutionary rate for 171 structural features coded for 12 Japonic, 2 Koreanic, 14 Mongolic, 11 Tungusic and 21 Turkic languages. To more deeply investigate the differences in evolutionary dynamics of structural features across areas of grammar, I divide the features into 4 language domains, 13 functional categories and 9 parts of speech. My results suggest that there is a correlation between the phylogenetic signal and evolutionary rate and that, overall, two-thirds of the features have a high phylogenetic signal and over a half of the features evolve at a slow rate. Specifically, argument marking (flagging and indexing), derivation and valency appear to be the most stable functional categories, pronouns and nouns the most stable parts of speech, and phonological and morphological levels the most stable language domains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic signal and rate of evolutionary change in language structures

Hübler

2022

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Japanese affixes for verb forms, prepositions, and other grammatical markers, which do not exist in Chinese, are then indicated by kana (usually hiragana). Therefore, the historical development of the Japanese writing system can be traced through the origin and evolution of kanji, which played an important role in shaping Japanese culture, language, literature, history, and records (Robbeets, 2017;Tamaoka et al, 2002;Vovin, 2017). So, this study aims to discover the history of developing the use of writing systems in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Analysis of Japanese Writing Systems Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji

Harun,

Biduri

2024

IJSSR

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This study discusses the historical analysis of the Japanese writing system hiragana, katakana, and kanji. In Japanese writing, there are three types of characters: kanji, hiragana, and katakana. Kanji, which are derived from Chinese characters, are used for words with specific meanings. Hiragana and katakana, are also used as grammatical particles, words without kanji equivalents, and foreign words. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words, while katakana is used for foreign words and emphasis. This study aims to determine the history of the development of the use of writing systems in Japan. The problem of this study is how the relationship between hiragana, katakana, and kanji in the Japanese writing system. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis. This research was obtained through literature studies sourced from history books, journals, articles, and research results from the formation of kanji itself. The results of this study show that historically, there is a relationship between katakana, hiragana, and kanji that complement each other and are important for the Japanese writing system.

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Word Stress, Pitch Accent, and Word Order Typology with Special Reference to Altaic

Tokizaki¹

2018

The Study of Word Stress and Accent

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The idea that word stress location and word order are correlated has been around since Bally's (1944) study of French and Germanic languages (cf. Donegan and Stampe 1983 for Munda and Mon-Khmer; Plank 1998 for an overview of the studies on the correlation between stress and morphosyntax). However, these studies discuss a limited number of languages. The typology of word-stress location by Goedemans and van der Hulst (2005), together with that of word order by Dryer (2005, 2013), give us detailed data for investigating the correlation between word-stress location and word orders in the world's languages. Tokizaki (2011) and Tokizaki and Kuwana (2013) show that languages with lefthand stress tend to have head-final word order (stem-suffix, genitive-N, NP-postposition, OV, adverbial subordinator-clause) while languages with righthand stress tend to have head-initial word order (prefix-stem, N-genitive, preposition-NP, VO, clause-adverbial subordinator). One of the problems with the study of correlation between stress and word order is the definition of stress or accent in languages with pitch accent or tone. Altaic languages including Turkic, Mongolic and Japanese are a challenge to our hypothesis that languages with head-final word order have lefthand stress. I argue that these languages have word-initial stress as the primary accent and righthand pitch accent as the secondary accent (cf. Schiering and van der Hulst 2010; Duanmu 2008). Then, these languages also support our hypothesis about the correlation between stress and word order. I also discuss the possibility that tone languages such as Chinese and African languages can be included in the general idea of word stress and word accent.

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The Transeurasian Languages

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Phylogenetic signal and rate of evolutionary change in language structures

Phylogenetic signal and rate of evolutionary change in language structures

Historical Analysis of Japanese Writing Systems Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji

Word Stress, Pitch Accent, and Word Order Typology with Special Reference to Altaic

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