The transcriptome of the medullary area postrema: the thirsty rat, the hungry rat and the hypertensive rat

Hindmarch, Charles; Fry, Mark; Smith, Pauline; Yao, Song T.; Hazell, Georgina; Lolait, Stephen J.; Paton, Julian F. R.; Ferguson, Alastair V.; Murphy, David

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.056515

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It is possible that SL engender more changes in gene expression that does WD. We have observed in previous work that WD regulates fewer transcripts than does other stimuli in the same tissue, for example, food restriction (22,25), and that the transcriptome of the SON becomes more organized after a survival threat. When the transcriptome response to WD is modelled, the emerging distribution is different from that found in the EU transcriptome, a trend we have previously placed within the context of enhanced transcriptome organization (24).…”

Section: R565 Osmotic Stimulation Of the Sonmentioning

confidence: 78%

A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

Greenwood

Mecawi

Hoe

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Salt loading (SL) and water deprivation (WD) are experimental challenges that are often used to study the osmotic circuitry of the brain. Central to this circuit is the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), and their transport to terminals that reside in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. On osmotic challenge evoked by a change in blood volume or osmolality, the SON undergoes a functionrelated plasticity that creates an environment that allows for an appropriate hormone response. Here, we have described the impact of SL and WD compared with euhydrated (EU) controls in terms of drinking and eating behavior, body weight, and recorded physiological data including circulating hormone data and plasma and urine osmolality. We have also used microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the SON following SL and remined data from the SON that describes the transcriptome response to WD. From a list of 2,783 commonly regulated transcripts, we selected 20 genes for validation by qPCR. All of the 9 genes that have already been described as expressed or regulated in the SON by osmotic stimuli were confirmed in our models. Of the 11 novel genes, 5 were successfully validated while 6 were false discoveries. transcriptome; supraoptic nucleus; water restriction; salt load; neuroendocrine TERRESTRIAL LIFE requires that the osmolality of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is strictly controlled. Increased ECF osmolality results in water leaving the cell, reducing intracellular fluid (ICF) volume, while increasing ICF osmolality, which will compromise the metabolic processes necessary for life. Chronic increases in ECF osmolality can be brought about experimentally by a high intake of salt (salt loading, SL) or by water deprivation (WD) (5). In the absence of drinking fluid (WD), extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes decrease, as water and sodium are inevitably lost in sweat and urine leading to hypovolemia and, as a consequence of dehydration-induced natriuresis, sodium depletion (14,35). This depletion of sodium means that WD animals also display enhanced salt appetite (14). In contrast, SL increases body sodium content, causing an increase in ECF volume, but a decrease in the volume of the ICF (35).Angiotensin II (ANG II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and oxytocin (OXT) are the main hormones involved in the control of hydromineral homeostasis in mammals (5). ANP is synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream in response to stretching of the right atrial muscle cells by increased blood volume. Once in the bloodstream, ANP has a potent natriuretic effect, acting on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to inhibit sodium reabsorption (13,44). ANP is an important indicator of blood volume. AVP and OXT release are stimulated by hypovolemia, hypertonicity, and hypernatremia, among other stimuli (36). Circulating levels of AVP correlate with plasma osmolality (4) and thirst perce...

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Section: R565 Osmotic Stimulation Of the Sonmentioning

confidence: 78%

A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

Greenwood

Mecawi

Hoe

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

Self Cite

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“…After 7 days, rats were randomly divided into two groups: control (n = 5) and dehydrated (DH) rats (n = 5). For control rats, water and food were supplied ad libitum for 72 h, while DH rats were deprived of water for 72 h with free access to food (Chung et al 2008;Hindmarch et al 2011).…”

Section: Water Deprivation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Deprivation Increases (Pro)renin Receptor Levels in the Kidney and Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor

Tamura¹,

Mori²,

Xu³

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Water deprivation activates the renin-angiotensin system. We have hypothesized that the renal expression of (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR), a specific receptor for renin and prorenin, could be changed under dehydration. Moreover, plasma levels of soluble (P)RR (s(P)RR) comprising of the extracellular domain of (P)RR may reflect the renal (P)RR expression. In the present study, we therefore aimed to clarify changes of plasma s(P)RR concentrations and kidney tissue (P)RR levels using rats with dehydration. Male WisterKyoto rats were divided into two groups; dehydrated (DH) rats deprived of water for 72 hours with free access to food, and control rats. Plasma s(P)RR concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly lower in DH rats (6.94 ± 2.08 ng/mL, mean ± SD, n = 5) than in control (12.54 ± 2.00 ng/mL, n = 5) (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed lower expression levels of s(P)RR in plasma in DH rats than in control. By contrast, western blot analysis showed higher levels of fulllength (P)RR and lower levels of furin (an enzyme responsible for generation of s(P)RR from full-length (P)RR) in the kidney tissues obtained from DH rats compared to control. There was no significant difference in the renal (P)RR mRNA levels between DH rats and control. These findings suggest that water deprivation may elevate the renal full-length (P)RR levels via reducing the expression of furin. Increased full-length (P)RR may contribute to the up-regulation of the renal renin-angiotensin system and the production of concentrated urine under dehydration.

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“…GO analysis relies on the probability that a particular term will appear in any given gene list above that of pure chance (on the entire data set -see Hindmarch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Molecular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis: Microarrays

Hindmarch

2012

Essential Guide to Reading Biomedical Papers

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The transcriptome of the medullary area postrema: the thirsty rat, the hungry rat and the hypertensive rat

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

Water Deprivation Increases (Pro)renin Receptor Levels in the Kidney and Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor

Transcriptome Analysis: Microarrays

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