The transcription factor Tfap2e/AP-2ε plays a pivotal role in maintaining the identity of basal vomeronasal sensory neurons

Lin, Jennifer M.; Taroc, Ed Zandro M.; Frías, Jesús; Prasad, Aparna; Catizone, Allison N; Sammons, Morgan A.; Forni, Paolo E.

doi:10.1101/265280

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These data highlighted the contributions of Bcl11b in the fate choice between Gαi2 + apical vs Gαo + basal VSNs [125]. Later genetic lineage tracing confirmed that the transcription factor tfap2e/AP-2ε is expressed specifically in Gαo + basal VSN cell lineage [126]. Moreover, characterization of AP-2ε null mice showed that the loss of AP-2ε negatively affects the basal neuronal differentiation/maturation program [126].…”

Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Later genetic lineage tracing confirmed that the transcription factor tfap2e/AP-2ε is expressed specifically in Gαo + basal VSN cell lineage [126]. Moreover, characterization of AP-2ε null mice showed that the loss of AP-2ε negatively affects the basal neuronal differentiation/maturation program [126]. In particular, loss of AP-2ε function induced a progressive loss of basal VSNs and aberrant gene regulation.…”

Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In AP-2ε null mice, many cells that entered the basal program gradually expressed apical genes, such as Gαi2, V1Rs and Meis2. Based on these results, we proposed that AP-2ε is not needed to initiate the apical-basal VSN differentiation dichotomy, but instead is essential to maintain the basal VSN program and prevent the expression of apical VSN genes [126]. What role AP-2ε plays in controlling the chromatin landscape and expression of basal VSN specific genes requires further investigation.…”

Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Additional apical and basal markers are listed close to the mature apical and basal VSNs. a Is based on [159,160]; b is based on [27,64] and c is based on [26,76,121,126] ◂ From E13.5, the VNO increases in size and length, such that a cross-section resembles a kidney shape with a crescent shaped lumen separating the sensory and nonsensory epithelia. Unlike the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), blood vessels and perivascular connective tissue in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium are detectable from embryonic to postnatal life [56,67,68].…”

Section: Ontogeny Of the Vnomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ

Katreddi

Forni

2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is sensory organ located in the ventral region of the nasal cavity in rodents. The VNO develops from the olfactory placode during the secondary invagination of olfactory pit. The embryonic vomeronasal structure appears as a neurogenic area where migratory neuronal populations like endocrine gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons form. Even though embryonic vomeronasal structures are conserved across most vertebrate species, many species including humans do not have a functional VNO after birth. The vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) of rodents is composed of two major types of vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs): (1) VSNs distributed in the apical VNE regions that express vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) and the G protein subunit Gαi2, and (2) VSNs in the basal territories of the VNE that express vomeronasal type-2 receptors (V2Rs) and the G subunit Gαo. Recent studies identified a third subclass of Gαi2 and Gαo VSNs that express the formyl peptide receptor family. VSNs expressing V1Rs or V2Rs send their axons to distinct regions of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Together, VNO and AOB form the accessory olfactory system (AOS), an olfactory subsystem that coordinates the social and sexual behaviors of many vertebrate species. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie VNO development. We also discuss open questions for study, which we suggest will further enhance our understanding of VNO morphogenesis at embryonic and postnatal stages.

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Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Dichotomy and Maturation Of Apical And Basal Vsnsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ontogeny Of the Vnomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ

Katreddi

Forni

2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…These neurons project their axons to the anterior portion of the AOB. VSNs located in the basal region of the VNE express vomeronasal type 2 receptors (V2rs) (Silvotti et al 2011), transduce their signal through the Gαo G-protein subunit, express the TF AP-2ɛ(Enomoto et al 2011; Lin et al 2018), and the guidance cue receptor Robo2. These neurons project their axons to the posterior AOB (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated quantification of vomeronasal glomeruli number, size, and color composition after immunofluorescent staining

Jangjoo

Lin

Etaati

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Glomeruli are neuropil rich regions of the main or accessory olfactory bulbs where the axons of olfactory or vomeronasal neurons and dendrites of mitral/tufted cells form synaptic connections. In the main olfactory system olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing the same receptor innervate one or two glomeruli. However, in the accessory olfactory system, vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) expressing the same receptor can innervate up to 30 different glomeruli in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Genetic mutation disrupting genes with a role in defining the identity/diversity of olfactory and vomeronasal neurons can alter number and size of glomeruli. Interestingly, two cell surface molecules, Kirrel2 and Kirrel3, have been indicated to play a critical role in the organization of axons into glomeruli in the AOB. Being able to quantify differences in glomeruli features such as number, size or immunoreactivity for specific markers is an important experimental approach to validate the role of specific genes in controlling neuronal connectivity and circuit formation in control or mutant animals. Since the manual recognition and quantification of glomeruli on digital images is a challenging and time-consuming task, we generated a program in Python able to identify glomeruli in digital images and quantify their properties, such as size, number, and pixel intensity. Validation of our program indicates that our script is a fast and suitable tool for high throughput quantification of glomerular features of mouse lines with different genetic makeup.

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Identifying Isl1 genetic lineage in the developing olfactory system and in GnRH-1 neurons

Taroc

Katreddi

Forni

2020

Preprint

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During embryonic development, symmetric ectodermal thickenings (olfactory placodes) give rise to several cell types that comprise the olfactory system, such as those that form the terminal nerve ganglion (TN), gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons and other migratory neurons in rodents. Even though the genetic heterogeneity among these cell types are documented, unidentified cell populations arising from the olfactory placode remain. One candidate to identify placodal derived neurons in the developing nasal area is the transcription factor Isl1, which was recently identified in GnRH-3 neurons of the terminal nerve in fish, as well as expression in neurons of the nasal migratory mass. Here, we analyzed the Isl1 genetic lineage in chemosensory neuronal populations in the nasal area and migratory GnRH-1 neurons in mice using in-situ hybridization, immunolabeling a Tamoxifen inducible Isl1CreERT and a constitutive Isl1Cre knock-in mouse lines. In addition, we also performed conditional Isl1 ablation in developing GnRH neurons. We found Isl1 lineage across non sensory cells of the respiratory epithelium and sustentacular cells of OE and VNO. We identified a population of transient embryonic Isl1+ neurons in the olfactory epithelium and sparse Isl1+ neurons in postnatal VNO. Isl1 is expressed in almost all GnRH neurons and in approximately half of the other neuron populations in the Migratory Mass. However, Isl1 conditional ablation alone does not significantly compromise GnRH-1 neuronal migration or GnRH-1 expression, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Further studies will elucidate the functional and mechanistic role of Isl1 in development of migratory endocrine neurons.

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The transcription factor Tfap2e/AP-2ε plays a pivotal role in maintaining the identity of basal vomeronasal sensory neurons

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ

Mechanisms underlying pre- and postnatal development of the vomeronasal organ

Automated quantification of vomeronasal glomeruli number, size, and color composition after immunofluorescent staining

Identifying Isl1 genetic lineage in the developing olfactory system and in GnRH-1 neurons

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