The trajectory of maternal and paternal fatigue and factors associated with fatigue across the transition to parenthood

Abstract

Background: Fatigue is prevalent in new parents and is associated with poorer functional performance and cognitive functioning. This can be particularly detrimental during the transition to parenthood when parents are adapting to new roles and demands. Examining the course of fatigue and related factors can provide important avenues for intervention and prevention.Methods: In this longitudinal study, we assessed fatigue and its correlates in 108 mother/father couples. Multilevel modelling examined the prevalence and trajectory of fatigue across the transition to parenthood, as well as factors associated with post-partum fatigue. Parents completed measures of fatigue, prenatal stress, depression and health, and post-natal parental sleep quality, infant sleep duration, and infant negativity.Results: Mothers' and fathers' fatigue increased following the birth of their infant and remained at high levels. Poor sleep quality, stress, and depression were associated with maternal and paternal fatigue, while infant characteristics were more strongly associated with maternal fatigue. Prenatal depressive symptoms, parental sleep quality, infant sleep duration, and the interaction of gender by prenatal fatigue predicted post-natal fatigue in our model. Conclusion:Our results highlight the need for health professionals to educate new parents about fatigue and its management beyond the prenatal period. As correlates of fatigue for mothers and fathers differ, we need to expand our understanding of paternal fatigue and develop interventions tailored to their unique experiences.

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