The Trajectory and the Related Physical and Social Determinants of Body Mass Index in Elementary School Children: Results from the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution Study

Abstract

This study explored developmental trajectory patterns of BMI and associated factors. Participants included 1,609 students who were followed from age 7 to 12 years. Data collection involved annual self-administered questionnaires and records of height and weight. An ecological model was used to identify the factors associated with BMI trajectories. Group-based trajectory models and multinomial logit models were used in the statistical analysis. There were gender differences in BMI trajectories. Among boys, four BMI trajectories were normal or slightly underweight, persistently normal weight, overweight becoming obese, and persistently obese. Among girls, four BMI trajectories were persistently slightly underweight, persistently normal weight, persistently overweight, and persistently obese. The mean BMI in each trajectory group demonstrated an upward trend over time. In boys, BMI trajectories were significantly associated with after-school exercise, academic performance, family interactions, overweight parents, and father's education level. In girls, BMI trajectories were significantly associated with television viewing or computer use, family interactions, peer interactions, and overweight parents. Children under age 7 years who are already overweight or obese are an important target for interventions. The different factors associated with BMI trajectories can be used for targeting high risk groups.

Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update

“…The remaining 2 studies for screen time ) and TV viewing (Creighton et al 2011;Drenowatz et al 2013), and 1 study for computer use (Magee et al 2013) reported null findings. Among 9 of the studies, significant associations with body composition were not observed across all age groups (Hands et al 2011), sex groups (Altenburg et al 2012;Barnett et al 2010;Falbe et al 2013;Lin et al 2014), exposure measures (e.g., TV vs. movie) (Falbe et al 2013;Gilbert-Diamond et al 2014), or measures of body composition (Altenburg et al 2012;Grontved et al 2014). Primarily null findings were observed for accelerometer-derived sedentary time and breaks as well as video games and total sedentary behaviour with body composition.…”

“…c Dose-response gradient was observed for higher TV, sedentary time, screen time, computer with unfavourable body composition in 14 studies (Barnett et al 2010;Miller 2011;Altenburg et al 2012;Basterfield et al 2012b;Dumith et al 2012;Veitch et al 2012;Falbe et al 2013;Magee et al 2013;Mitchell et al 2013aMitchell et al , 2013bWilliams et al 2013;Berentzen et al 2014;Grontved et al 2014;Lin et al 2014).…”

“…a Includes 32 longitudinal studies (Van den Bulck and Hofman 2009; Barnett et al 2010;Calamaro et al 2010;Wijga et al 2010;Creighton et al 2011;Hands et al 2011;Miller 2011;Altenburg et al 2012;Augustin et al 2012;Barlett et al 2012;Basterfield et al 2012aBasterfield et al , 2012bDumith et al 2012;Ekelund et al 2012;Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al 2012;Veitch et al 2012;Drenowatz et al 2013;Falbe et al 2013;Kwon et al 2013;Magee et al 2013;Mamun et al 2013;Mitchell et al 2013aMitchell et al , 2013bWilliams et al 2013;Berentzen et al 2014;Chen et al 2014;Gilbert-Diamond et al 2014;Grontved et al 2014;Lin et al 2014;Olafsdottir et al 2014).…”

“…b Out of the 26 studies that used a subjective measure of sedentary behaviour, only 7 studies mention psychometric properties for the sedentary behaviour items (Barnett et al 2010;Hands et al 2011;Veitch et al 2012;Falbe et al 2013;Mitchell et al 2013b;Chen et al 2014;Lin et al 2014).…”

Associations between food and beverage consumption and different types of sedentary behaviours in European preschoolers: the ToyBox-study

“…Obese children are at increased risk of becoming obese adults and of developing chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) [1]. The preschool age is an important period for adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours including eating and physical activity habits [2].…”