The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, a Chinese Herb With Potential for Development: Review

Zeng, Yunhong; Liu, Junyu; Zhang, Qiang; Qin, Xuhua; Li, Zulun; Sun, Guojuan; Jin, Shenrui

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.652926

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Herbs have a long history of prescription use in China and have become a source of drug development for many diseases. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Aspirin, the most frequently used antiplatelet agent in the clinic, is extracted from willow bark and can irreversibly inhibit the COX-1 enzyme in the AA pathway. 16 The development of novel antiplatelet therapy from herbs may be a solution to the current concerns facing antiplatelet therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 and Aspirin Against Platelet Aggregation

Huo

et al. 2021

DDDT

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We aimed to investigate potential synergistic antiplatelet effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) in combination with aspirin using in vitro models. Methods: Arachidonic acid (AA), platelet activating factor (PAF), adenosine 5ʹ-diphosphate (ADP) and collagen were used as inducers. The antiplatelet effects of GBE50, aspirin and 1:1 combination of GBE50 and aspirin were detected by microplate method using rabbit platelets. Synergy finder 2.0 was used to analyze the synergistic antiplatelet effect. The compounds in GBE50 were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis and the candidate compounds were screened by TCMSP database. The targets of candidate compounds and aspirin were obtained in TCMSP, CCGs, Swiss target prediction database and drugbank. Targets involving platelet aggregation were obtained from GenCLiP database. Compound-target network was constructed and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to identify the critical biological processes and signaling pathways. The levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and PAF receptor (PAFR) were detected by ELISA to determine the effects of GBE50, aspirin and their combination on these pathways. Results: GBE50 combined with aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation more effectively. The combination displayed synergistic antiplatelet effects in AA-induced platelet aggregation, and additive antiplatelet effects occurred in PAF, ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation. Seven compounds were identified as candidate compounds in GBE50. Enrichment analyses revealed that GBE50 could interfere with platelet aggregation via cAMP pathway, AA metabolism and calcium signaling pathway, and aspirin could regulate platelet aggregation through AA metabolism and platelet activation. ELISA experiments showed that GBE50 combined with aspirin could increase cAMP levels in resting platelets, and decreased the levels of TXB2 and PAFR. Conclusion:Our study indicated that GBE50 combined with aspirin could enhance the antiplatelet effects. They exerted both synergistic and additive effects in restraining platelet aggregation. The study highlighted the potential application of GBE50 as a supplementary therapy to treat thrombosis-related diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 and Aspirin Against Platelet Aggregation

Huo

et al. 2021

DDDT

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“…Among them, Honghua and Yuxingcao are well-known plants that are widely used as herbs as well as food. 33–37 FFZJF has shown to be effective in terms of treating CP. 11 More importantly, the application of FFZJF avoids the overuse of antibiotics in treating this chronic condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Mechanisms of Compound Herba Sarcandrae (Fufang Zhongjiefeng) Aerosol in Chronic Pharyngitis Treatment

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2021

DDDT

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of compound herba Sarcandrae aerosol, also known as the Fufang Zhongjiefeng (FFZJF) aerosol, in treating chronic pharyngitis (CP) using network pharmacology and in vivo experimental approaches. Methods Active compounds and putative targets of five herbs in FFZJF were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Chemistry Database, and Swiss Target Prediction databases. The therapeutic targets of CP were obtained from OMIM, Durgbank, DisGeNT, and GAD databases. The active compounds-target networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.1. The overlapping targets of FFZJF active compounds and CP targets were further analyzed using the String database to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The predicted targets and pathways were validated in a group A β-hemolytic streptococcus-induced rat CP model. Results There were 45 active compounds identified from FFZJF and 11 potential protein targets identified for CP treatment. PPI network demonstrated that IL6, PTGS2, TLR-4, and TNF may serve as the key targets of FFZJF for the treatment of CP. The main functional pathways involving these key targets include cytokine secretion, inflammatory response, MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. In a rat CP model, the elevation of serum TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6 levels, as well as the upregulation of TLR-4, MyD88, NF-κB P65 in the pharyngeal mucosal tissues could be effectively reduced by FFZJF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Through a network pharmacology approach and animal study, we predicted and validated the active compounds of FFZJF and their potential targets for CP treatment. The results suggest that FFZJF can markedly alleviate GAS-induced chronic pharyngitis by modulating the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways.

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“…Nakai ( SG , “Jiu Jie Cha”in Chinese) has been used as an “antipyretic-detoxicate drugs” in traditional Chinese Medicine since the Qing Dynasty (AD) [ 6 ]. In the southeast region of the Guizhou province, China, ethnic people usually mix S. glabra with glutinous rice, peanuts, or soybeans as tea in daily life, as it is capable of reducing fever [ 7 ]. The State Food and Drug Administration of China has approved six SG water extract based single-drug prescriptions (Zhongjiefeng Injection, Zhongjiefeng Granules, Zhongjiefeng Tablets, XueKang Oral Liquid, XueKang Granules and Qingren Xiaoyanning Capsules) to treat upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, gastritis, viral myocarditis, tumor, and thrombocytopenia [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that SG extracts could reduce the incidence rate and mortality of restraint stress mice caused by the H 1 N 1 influenza virus [ 9 ]. More than two hundred compounds have been isolated and identified from SG extracts, including flavonoid type (astilbin), coumarin type (isofraxidin), phenolic acid type (rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid), and sesquiterpenes type (chloranthalactone) molecules [ 7 ]. In recent years, isofraxidin and rosmarinic acid-4- O - β - d -glucoside were found to induce anti-influenza effects [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases by Sarcandra glabra

Pan

Xiao

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a huge threat on human health due to rapid viral mutations. Thus, it is imperative to develop more potent antivirals with both prophylactic and treatment functions. In this study, we screened for potential antiviral compounds from Sarcandra glabra (SG) against Cathepsin L and HIV-1 proteases. A FRET assay was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects and UPLC-HRMS was employed to identify and quantify the bioactive components. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to get a glimpse of the binding of active compounds to the proteases. Our results showed that the SG extracts (SGW, SG30, SG60, and SG85) inhibited HIV-1 protease with an IC50 of 0.003~0.07 mg/mL and Cathepsin L protease with an IC50 of 0.11~0.26 mg/mL. Fourteen compounds were identified along with eight quantified from the SG extracts. Chlorogenic acid, which presented in high content in the extracts (12.7~15.76 µg/mg), possessed the most potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 0.026 mg/mL) and Cathepsin L protease (inhibition: 40.8% at 0.01 mg/mL). Thus, SG extracts and the active ingredients could potentially be used to prevent/treat viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, due to their dual-inhibition functions against viral proteases.

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The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, a Chinese Herb With Potential for Development: Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

The Synergistic Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 and Aspirin Against Platelet Aggregation

The Synergistic Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 and Aspirin Against Platelet Aggregation

Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Mechanisms of Compound Herba Sarcandrae (Fufang Zhongjiefeng) Aerosol in Chronic Pharyngitis Treatment

Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases by Sarcandra glabra

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