The Trade-Offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, China

Abstract

Ecosystem services are directly related to human well-being. Previous studies showed that management policies and human activities alter the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services. Taking effective measures to manage the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services is essential to sustain ecological security and achieve a “win-win” situation between society and ecosystems. This study investigated the spatiotemporal changes of water yield, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration in the Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2020 based on the InVEST model. We distinguished spatial patterns of trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services using the correlation relationship analysis. Then we analyzed the response of ecosystem services relationships among different vegetation types and elevation bands. The results showed that water yield and carbon sequestration presented an overall upward trend, while soil conservation remained a marginal degradation. Rising ecosystem services were mainly in the central, western, and southeastern regions, and declining areas were mainly distributed in the midwestern and northeastern fringes. Synergies spatially dominated the interactions among water yield, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration, and the trade-offs were primarily concentrated in the northern, southern, and southwestern fringes. Among the different vegetation types, synergies dominated ecosystem services in broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, mixed forests, and Moso bamboo forests and in grass. The trade-offs were gradually reduced with elevation. This study highlighted that trade-off of ecosystem services should be incorporated into ecological management policies, strengthening the effectiveness of nature reserves in protecting and improving China’s ecosystem services.

Study on soil erosion and its driving factors from the perspective of landscape in Xiushui watershed, China

“…Overall, soil erosion heat zones were mainly distributed in the cultivated land around Xiushui river (Figs. 3 and 6 a–c), which was similar to the preceding research 44 , 56 .…”

“…The result of this study provides evidence on soil erosion and its driver metrics, which could also provide a reference for similar studies within and beyond China. However, the contribution of rainfall to soil erosion was often underestimated on an long term and large spatial scale, and soil erosion due to extreme rainfall would account for a large proportion of total soil erosion throughout the year 13 , 44 . Therefore, it is a great challenge to downscale soil erosion due to extreme rainfall on short calendar periods.…”

“…C -factor was calculated with the equation developed by Gutman & Ignatov base on NDVI dataset 42 : P -factor: it is defined the ratio between the influence of contouring and tillage practices 43 , which is usually estimated base om land use/cover type 13 . We determined the P -factor by previous research results, combined with the similarity of the study area in this study 9 , 44 . (Table 1 ).…”

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Coupled Coordination Degree of Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand in Chinese National Nature Reserves

“…However, due to rapid socio-economic transformation, China’s ecological environment is under enormous pressure [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The long-term sustainability of NRs faces unprecedented challenges [ 8 ]. Systematic assessment of ESs conservation effectiveness of China’s NRs is important for the formulation of conservation policies and regional ecological management.…”

Response of temperate forest ecosystem services to rainfall: A case study in the forest nature reserves of northern China

“…However, tradeoffs and synergies of ESs exist extensively in forest ecosystem (Liu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2021;Feng et al, 2022;Jia et al, 2022), the dynamic of which can significantly affect the forest growth and management (Biber et al, 2020). Compared with the impact of precipitation on forest ESs (Hely et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2014), we still have relatively little understanding of the effects of precipitation on the interrelationships of forest ESs, especially the interconversion between tradeoffs and synergies.…”