The Toxicity of Secondary Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Components

Abstract

Currently, apart from the widely known lithium-ion batteries, there are competitive solutions in the form of, for example, Li-S batteries. While the results of studies on the toxicity of Li-ion battery components are published, such studies on the components of Li-S cells are just beginning. The purpose of the current review was to identify materials used in the production of Li-S batteries and their toxicity, especially for humans. The review showed many kinds of materials with different levels of toxicity utilized for manufacturing of these cells. Some materials are of low toxicity, while some others are of the high one. A lot of materials have assigned different hazard statements. For some of the materials, no hazard statements were assigned, although such materials are toxic. No data related to the toxicity of some materials were found in the literature. This points out the need to further studies on their toxicity and legal actions to assign appropriate hazard statements.

Life-Related Hazards of Materials Applied to Mg–S Batteries

“…Yet another group is related to the flammability of materials or the release of flammable or toxic gases by them. Interestingly, some of the described hazards are similar to those found in the case of Li-S batteries' cathodes, separators, or binders, but some are clearly different, as in the case of anodes [319]. Additionally, the popular Celgard separators are applicable also for Li-ion batteries [320], which environmental and human health impacts were discussed in [321].…”

Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review

“…In addition to enabling the measurement of clinically relevant parameters and showing the health status of individuals [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], TENGs can complement traditional power sources, which are generally fabricated using toxic chemicals and have limited capacity. The introduction of TENGs into the operation and implementation of the above-mentioned systems could alleviate the dependence on power sources and sensor technology, thus increasing wireless mobility, interactivity, and intelligence [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. TENGs can be especially helpful in the treatment of chronic stubborn disorders, in which rapid recovery often fails to be achieved.…”