The toxicity of purified cellulose in studies with laboratory animals

Anderson, Robert L.; Owens, James W. M.; Timms, Christopher

doi:10.1016/0304-3835(92)90057-3

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some studies with cellulose fibres described the biological effects of this type of material in animal studies. Cellulose fibres tested in vivo showed no adverse health effects when chronically ingested, but when present in the intraperitoneal region can cause mesothelioma in rats, and when inhaled, have the potential to accumulate and induce pathological changes in the lung [35][36][37]. In this work, most injected nanofibres remained in macrophage aggregates in the subcutaneous tissue and did not cause any visible abnormalities, neither in the host adjacent tissue, nor in the abdominal organs.…”

Section: Nanofibresmentioning

confidence: 58%

Bacterial Cellulose: Long-Term Biocompatibility Studies

Pértile

Moreira

Costa

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

124

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The bacterial cellulose (BC) secreted by Gluconacetobacter xylinus is a network of pure cellulose nanofibres which has high crystallinity, wettability and mechanical strength. These characteristics make BC an excellent material for tissue-engineering constructs, noteworthy for artificial vascular grafts. In this work, the in vivo biocompatibility of BC membranes produced by two G. xylinus strains was analyzed through histological analysis of long-term subcutaneous implants in the mice. The BC implants caused a mild and benign inflammatory reaction that decreased along time and did not elicit a foreign body reaction. A tendency to calcify over time, which may be related to the porosity of the BC implants, was observed, especially among the less porous BC-1 implants. In addition, the potential toxicity of BC nanofibres - obtained by chemical-mechanical treatment of BC membranes - subcutaneously implanted in mice was analysed through bone marrow flow cytometry and histological analyses. At 2 and 4 months post-implantation, the nanofibres implants were found to accumulate intracellularly, in subcutaneous foamy macrophages aggregates. Moreover, no differences were observed between the controls and implanted animals in thymocyte populations and in B lymphocyte precursors and myeloid cells in the bone marrow.

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Section: Nanofibresmentioning

confidence: 58%

Bacterial Cellulose: Long-Term Biocompatibility Studies

Pértile

Moreira

Costa

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

124

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“…Bacterial cellulose has attracted interest as a tissue engineering biomaterial by virtue of its temperature and pH stability, and good mechanical features 16,17 . Several reports have indicated that bacterial cellulose is not cytotoxic to CHO cells or fibroblasts 18 , and that purified cellulose is not harmful when ingested 19 . However, until the present study, the toxic consequences of bacterial cellulose nanofibers on cell apoptosis and cell cycle both in vitro and in vivo have been unclear, hindering use of bacterial cellulose in artificial blood vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicologic evaluation of bacterial synthesized cellulose in endothelial cells and animals

Jeong

Lee

Yang

et al. 2010

Mol. Cell. Toxicol.

122

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Compared to plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose synthesized by Gluconacetobacter xylinus has features such as high crystallinity, tensile strength and water absorption capacity; biocompatibility; resistance to degradation and low solubility that may be advantageous for engineered tissue. However, little information is available concerning the potential toxicity of bacterial cellulose-based biomaterials. The present study investigated the toxicity of bacterial cellulose nanofibers in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using viability and flow cytometric assays and in vivo using C57/Bl6 mice. The absence of toxicity in vitro and in vivo supports the view that bacterial cellulose may be amenable for use as a tissue engineering biomaterial.

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“…Aerosolized cellulose was used as an 'inert' control for cotton dust in an inhalation study in guinea pigs, 24 which showed that, compared to cotton dust, cellulose had little acute ventilatory effect; however, the study provided no longer term or morphological data. In a review of animal ingestion studies, Anderson et al 25 concluded that, when ingested, purified cellulose had no adverse effects with respect to spontaneous disease and neoplasia, nor to growth, reproduction and tumour promotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary and intraperitoneal inflammation induced by cellulose fibres

et al. 2000

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The inflammatory effects of respirable cellulose fibres were studied in two short‐term animal models: intraperitoneal injection in mice, and inhalation in rats. The mouse peritoneal cavity is particularly sensitive to fibrous compared to non‐fibrous particles. Both cellulose fibres and the positive control fibre, crocidolite asbestos, were administered in doses ranging from 104 to 108 fibres and caused marked, dose‐dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells to the mouse peritoneal cavity, which was highest 1 day following injection. Crocidolite was much more active than cellulose, despite the mass dose of cellulose being 66 times greater for an equivalent number of fibres. Crocidolite at the higher doses caused inflammation to persist through 7 days. For the inhalation study, rats were exposed daily, 5 days per week, to aerosols of cellulose dust for ca. 3 weeks at a concentration of 1000 fibres ml−1. Inhalation exposure induced an early inflammatory response in rat lungs, as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage, which peaked at 1 day following the start of inhalation and thereafter declined, despite a further 13 days of exposure over a period of 18 calendar days. In vitro production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) by lavaged alveolar macrophages was markedly depressed by the end of the exposure period in cellulose‐exposed animals, compared to sham‐exposed controls, and this effect was still present in rats that had been allowed to recover for 28 days beyond the end of exposure. We conclude that the cellulose material studied is less inflammogenic than crocidolite and that the extent of the inflammatory response within the lung appears to reduce with continued exposure over a 14‐day period. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The toxicity of purified cellulose in studies with laboratory animals

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Bacterial Cellulose: Long-Term Biocompatibility Studies

Bacterial Cellulose: Long-Term Biocompatibility Studies

Toxicologic evaluation of bacterial synthesized cellulose in endothelial cells and animals

Pulmonary and intraperitoneal inflammation induced by cellulose fibres

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