The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an <i>in vitro</i> metabolomic perspective

Awashra, Mohammad; Młynarz, Piotr

doi:10.1039/d2na00534d

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 315 publications

(392 reference statements)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro cytotoxicity of NPs is investigated using cell models. According to the literature (Awashra & Młynarz, 2023), this assessment is not meant to replace in vivo cytotoxicity testing, but rather to act as a link between material quality testing and in vivo application. This study focuses on the assessment of nanotoxicity in vitro.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many in vitro experimentsare used to study or evaluate the cytotoxicity of NPs. Cell viability and proliferation, ROS, cell stress, cell morphology phenotyping, and cell NP uptake tests are the five primary categories of these assays(Awashra & Młynarz, 2023). ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) damage the cell membrane when they come into contact with cells, which leads to theF I G U R E 7 TGA curve of ZnO NP.cell bursting and releasing its internal contents.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…ZnO NPs enter the cells and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components over time and ultimately cause cell death(Mohd Yusof et al, 2020). Figure5depicts multiple routes by which NPs may impact cells, as generated using the BioRender online tool and literature(Awashra & Młynarz, 2023) with slight image improvements.3.4 | Analysis of molecular dockingPatchDock is an online server utilizing the principle of shape complementarity as a molecular docking algorithm to study the interaction between CDK2 receptors and ZnO nanoparticles. This highly efficient and fully automated server facilitated the docking process, enabling the evaluation of various parameters, such as Score, Area, ACE (atomic contact energy), and the identification of bonds formed with amino acid residues on the nanoparticle surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds

Kadir,

Murugan,

Khan

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope‐Energy Dispersive X‐ray (SEM–EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM–EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60–400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose–response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non‐toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL.Research Highlights Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high‐yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds

Kadir,

Murugan,

Khan

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…In contrast, conventional nanomaterials primarily function as vehicles for drug delivery, devoid of the intricate functionality and design constituents present in medical nanorobots. These nanomaterials are typically passive in nature and rely on the body's innate processes for their dispersion and release, which can constrain their effectiveness and specificity [156,157]. Conventional nanomaterials may comprise liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, or micelles, which encapsulate the therapeutic agents and safeguard them from degradation, but do not possess the advanced capabilities proffered by nanorobots, such as active propulsion, real-time sensing, or communication [158,159].…”

Section: Design Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

et al. 2023

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Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more sensitive and effective diagnosis and therapeutic methods for cancer treatments. The development of new cancer treatments has become a crucial aspect of medical advancements. Nanobots, as one of the most promising applications of nanomedicines, are at the forefront of multidisciplinary research. With the progress of nanotechnology, nanobots enable the assembly and deployment of functional molecular/nanosized machines and are increasingly being utilized in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In recent years, various practical applications of nanobots for cancer treatments have transitioned from theory to practice, from in vitro experiments to in vivo applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the recent advancements of nanobots in cancer treatments, with a particular emphasis on their key fundamental features and their applications in drug delivery, tumor sensing and diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and other comprehensive treatments. At the same time, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities for nanobots in revolutionizing cancer treatments. In the future, medical nanobots are expected to become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines in the bloodstream. Graphical abstract

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Magnetically Active Bicontinuous Polymer Structures for Multiple Controlled Drug Delivery

Lacroce,

Pizzetti,

Urrego

et al. 2024

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The targeted delivery of drugs using wireless navigable magnetic robots, allows the delivery of drug molecules to be controlled non only in time but also in space, improving medical outcomes. The main disadvantages behind their use lies in the low amount of drug that can be transported and the single nature of drug that can be loaded (hydrophilic or hydrophobic). These considerations limit their use in co‐delivery systems, now recognized to be very promising for many different pathologies. We developed a magnetic bijel‐like structure to load and release different types of molecules (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). In this work, we explored the use of ε‐caprolactone, which can polymerize, forming hydrophobic domains (oil phase). After mixing with iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), the water dispersion creates a magnetic biphasic porous structure without phase separation. The resulting device showed good performance both in magnetic actuation and as a drug delivery system.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an in vitro metabolomic perspective

Abstract: Nowadays, nanomaterials (NMs) are well spread in our daily life due to their enormous benefits that are represented in their application in many fields such as biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics,...

Cited by 53 publications

References 315 publications

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds

Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

Magnetically Active Bicontinuous Polymer Structures for Multiple Controlled Drug Delivery

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