The toxicity of haloxon to geese, ducks and hens, and its relationship to the stability of the DI-(2-chloroethyl) phosphoryl cholinesterase derivatives

Lee, R.M.; Pickering, William

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(67)90266-3

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the incidents appear to have resulted from the ingestion by the geese of an acutely toxic dose of carbo phenothion. From the work of Hutson & Hathway (1967), Machin (1976), Lee & Pickering (1967) and others, it appears likely that there is an underlying biochemical mechanism to the apparent susceptibility of geese to carbophenothion poisoning.…”

Section: H Azards To Wildlife From the Use Of Carbophenothion As A Wheat Seed Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1978). Lee & Pickering (1967) and Pickering & Malone (1967) demonstrated that haloxon(bis(chloroethyl)-3-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-7-yl phosphate) is very toxic to geese and suggested that this is due to the formation of a stable di-(2chloroethyl)-phosphoryl esterase derivative and that the formation of such a derivative results in the slower reactivation of phosphorylated brain cholinesterase in geese than in other species. Martin & Steed (1978) investigated the inhibition of goose cholinesterase by carbophenoxon and demonstrated that although the cholinesterase of both Anser and Branta species differs from the cholinesterase of the pigeon and chicken there is no evidence of a slower reactivation rate for the Anser species.…”

Section: H Azards To Wildlife From the Use Of Carbophenothion As A Wheat Seed Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments

Stanley

Bunyan

1979

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Chemical treatments of cereal seeds are used in the United Kingdom to prevent damage by a number of pests including the wheat bulb fly, which is a serious pest of winter wheat. The persistent organochlorine dieldrin was introduced in the 1950s as a seed treatment but caused the death of large numbers of grain eating birds and gave rise to unacceptable environmental contamination. The withdrawal of dieldrin as a seed treatment was made possible by the introduction of two less persistent organophosphate insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion. Although the introduction of these chemicals has been beneficial in reducing environmental contamination, some side-effects on wildlife have still been discernible and carbophenothion has now been withdrawn from use in Scotland owing to the deaths of wintering geese from carbophenothion poisoning. Subsequent laboratory studies have demonstrated that Anser geese are particularly susceptible to carbophenothion poisoning, and the underlying biochemical mechanism has been investigated. The fundamental problem of species variation in toxicity among the organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides which this investigation illustrates presents difficulties for registration authorities when they are considered for clearance for agricultural use. The implications of the environmental problems encountered with dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion for the pre-clearance testing of new chemicals are discussed and the critical surveillance of the early years of commercial use of a chemical is recommended to support pre-clearance studies aimed at assessing the potential hazard to the environment.

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Section: H Azards To Wildlife From the Use Of Carbophenothion As A Wheat Seed Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H Azards To Wildlife From the Use Of Carbophenothion As A Wheat Seed Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments

Stanley

Bunyan

1979

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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The problem of residues in meat of edible domestic animals after application or intake of organophosphate esters

Kaemmerer

Buntenkötter

1973

Residue Reviews

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The Biochemical and Physiological Basis of Selective Toxicity

Hollingworth

1976

Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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The toxicity of haloxon to geese, ducks and hens, and its relationship to the stability of the DI-(2-chloroethyl) phosphoryl cholinesterase derivatives

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments

Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments

The problem of residues in meat of edible domestic animals after application or intake of organophosphate esters

The Biochemical and Physiological Basis of Selective Toxicity

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