The Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Drug Carrier

Luo, En; Song, Guodong; Li, Yunfeng; Shi, Pengwei; Hu, Jing; Lin, Yunfeng

doi:10.2174/138920021131400110

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…As a result, they have been used to deliver anticancer agents including doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and methotrexate siRNA for a variety of cancers (Madani et al, 2011). Meanwhile, CNTs produce heat when they are exposed to near-infrared radiation, which could be applied to thermal ablation for cancer therapy (Luo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Inorganic Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance

Yao

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

698

346

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Nanotechnology has been extensively studied and exploited for cancer treatment as nanoparticles can play a significant role as a drug delivery system. Compared to conventional drugs, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has specific advantages, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. The application and development of hybrid nanoparticles, which incorporates the combined properties of different nanoparticles, has led this type of drug-carrier system to the next level. In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been shown to play a role in overcoming cancer-related drug resistance. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance include overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic environment. Nanoparticles targeting these mechanisms can lead to an improvement in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, as more tumor drug resistance mechanisms are revealed, nanoparticles are increasingly being developed to target these mechanisms. Moreover, scientists have recently started to investigate the role of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, which plays a more important role in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the roles of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy and describe the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery as well as its function on reversing drug resistance.

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Section: Inorganic Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance

Yao

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

698

346

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“…Carbon nanotubes have a broad potential in biological applications, such as fluorescence imaging, drug delivery, and thermal ablation (Luo et al 2013). but it is important to assess their toxicity before they are used on a wide scale in biological systems.…”

Section: Cnt Toxicity In Biological Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local heating of molecular motors using single carbon nanotubes

Inoue

Ishijima

2016

Biophys Rev

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Temperature globally affects all chemical processes and biomolecules in living cells. Elevating the temperature of an entire cell accelerates so many biomolecular reactions simultaneously that it is difficult to distinguish the various mechanisms involved. The ability to localize temperature changes to the nanometer range within a cell could provide a powerful new tool for regulating biomolecular activity at the level of individual molecules. The search for a nanoheater for biological research has prompted experiments with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have the highest conductivity of any known material. The adsorption of skeletal muscle myosin molecules along the length of single multi-walled CNTs (~10 μm) has allowed researchers to observe the ATP-driven sliding of fluorescently labeled actin filaments. In one study, red-laser irradiation focused on one end of a myosin-coated CNT was used to heat myosin motors locally without directly heating the surrounding water; this laser irradiation instantly accelerated the actin-filament sliding speeds from~6 to~12 μm/s in a reversible manner, indicating a local, real-time heating of myosin motors by approximately Δ12 K. Calculation of heat transfer using the finite element method, based on the estimated temperature along a single CNT with a diameter of 170 nm, indicated a high thermal conductivity of~1540 Wmtion, consistent with values measured in vacuum in earlier studies. Temperature distribution indicated by half-decrease distances was~3660 nm along the length of the CNT and 250 nm perpendicular to the length. These results suggest that single-CNT-based heating at the nanometer-or micrometerrange could be used to regulate various biomolecules in many areas of biological, physical, and chemical research.

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“…Morphology, physical and chemical properties, including size, shape, charge and/or agglomeration state, and purity can be involved in the induction of CNT toxicity. 28 Due to their shape, CNTs can penetrate cell membrane via a spiraling or winding motion. The subsequent interaction with different cellular target sites, induces a cytotoxic response in the cells (i.e.…”

Section: Factors Determining Cnt Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes: Properties, biomedical applications, advantages and risks in patients and occupationally-exposed workers

Lamberti

Pedata

Sannolo

et al. 2015

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNTs) have been introduced in pharmacy and medicine for drug delivery system in therapeutics. CNTs have proved able to transport a wide range of molecules across membranes and into living cells; therefore, they have attracted great interest in biomedical applications such as advanced imaging, tissue regeneration, and drug or gene delivery. Although there are many data on the advantages in terms of higher efficacy and less adverse effects, several recent findings have reported unexpected toxicities induced by CNTs. The dose, shape, surface chemistry, exposure route, and purity play important roles in these differential toxicities. Mapping these risks as well as understanding their molecular mechanisms is a crucial step in the development of any CNT-containing nanopharmaceuticals. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive review of all articles published on cellular response to CNTs, underlining their therapeutic applications and possible toxicity in patients and occupationally exposed workers.

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The Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Drug Carrier

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance

Local heating of molecular motors using single carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes: Properties, biomedical applications, advantages and risks in patients and occupationally-exposed workers

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