The Toxic Effects of Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, and 2,4‐D on Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Brazilian Studies

Abstract

Brazil is a global agricultural commodity producer and the largest consumer of pesticides. Pesticide use in Brazil comprised 549 280 tons in 2018. In the country, soybean, corn, and sugar cane are extensively produced, which are the most pesticides demanding crops. In the last years, the records of new pesticides were the highest in the historical series. They can persist in soil or water, accumulate in organisms, and contaminate workers and the general population through the air, water, or food. This review aimed to gather toxicological data obtained by animal models exposed to 4 pesticides: glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, and 2,4‐D. An additional goal was to compose an overview of how this subject has been approached, surveying which research groups are working on this field, where they are located, and relations with pesticides used in those regions. We collected the papers from the platforms PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science, performed in Brazil from 2014 to 2019. After two‐step blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by different authors, 67 studies were selected to extract data. We observed that research is more concentrated in the South region, followed by the Southeast and Midwest, with 43%, 32%, and 23% of the studies, respectively. The prevalent institutions are from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Goiás. The effects on a variety of biomarkers help predict the potential risks to humans and nontarget organisms. The prevalent animal model was fish (36%). Overall, the main toxic effects evaluated were mortality, abnormalities in the blood cells, developmental abnormalities, and behavior alterations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:507–520. © 2020 SETAC

Impact of Pesticides on Human Health in the Last Six Years in Brazil

“…Numerous in vivo studies (reviewed by Disner et al [ 77 ]) have recursively proven that exposure to pesticides, either isolated or in combination [ 78 ], affect human health due to their actions as carcinogens [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], neurotoxicants [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], endocrine disruptors, developmental toxicants [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], and metabolic toxicants [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Pesticides and Their Impairing Effects on Epithelial Barrier Integrity, Dysbiosis, Disruption of the AhR Signaling Pathway and Development of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

“…Research to date has demonstrated that the toxic effects of pesticides are manifested in different ways, from acute and sublethal effects to severe intoxication by chronic exposure to low doses. Evidence from several studies (reviewed by [ 30 , 31 ]) supports carcinogenicity [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], neurotoxicity [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], endocrine and developmental disruption [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and metabolic toxicity [ 46 , 47 , 48 ] as underlying pathogenic mechanisms of pesticides.…”

O Modelo Zebrafish e sua Contribuição ao Meio Ambiente

“…Os agroquímicos também são um tema de grande interesse para a ecotoxicologia ambiental no Brasil. Nos últimos anos houve um aumento expressivo no número de novos produtos comercializados e registrados pelas agências competentes, sem contar que historicamente o país, devido à sua forte econômica agrícola, baseada na monocultura, é um dos maiores consumidores de agrotóxicos do mundo (Disner et al, 2020). Diversos estudos e relatos de contaminação do ambiente e danos à saúde humana são reportados, inclusive da contaminação de leite materno e da água de abastecimento da maioria dos municípios brasileiros (Lermen et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2019).…”