The Total Synthesis of Carbohydrates 1972–1980

Zamojski, Aleksander; Grynkiewicz, Grzegorz

doi:10.1002/9780470129692.ch4

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…A further important result is that the normalization of the main sequence evolves strongly over the redshift range of our sample; the median SFR at fixed M ⋆ evolves downwards by a factor of 3, measured at 10 11 M ⊙ , from the our highest (median z = 0.98) to our lowest (median z = 0.36) redshift bin. Importantly, it appears that the whole of the main sequence shifts downwards with time, rather than just the upper envelope decreasing, which was also reported by a recent GALEX study at z = 0.7 (Zamojski et al 2007). A straightforward interpretation of these observations is that normal star-forming galaxies possess a limited range of SFR at a given M ⋆ and z, which is presumably set by whatever physical processes regulate SF in quiescent disks.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z = 1.1: The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-forming Galaxies

Noeske

Weiner

Faber

et al. 2007

ApJ

1,735

1,073

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We analyze star formation (SF) as a function of stellar mass (M ⋆ ) and redshift z in the All Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). For 2905 field galaxies, complete to 10 10 (10 10.8 )M ⊙ at z < 0.7(1), with Keck spectroscopic redshifts out to z = 1.1, we compile SF rates (SFR) from emission lines, GALEX, and Spitzer MIPS 24µm photometry, optical-NIR M ⋆ measurements, and HST morphologies. Galaxies with reliable signs of SF form a distinct "main sequence (MS)", with a limited range of SFR at a given M ⋆ and z (1σ ±0.3 dex), and log(SFR) approximately proportional to log(M ⋆ ). The range of log(SFR) remains constant to z > 1, while the MS as a whole moves to higher SFR as z increases. The range of SFR along the MS constrains the amplitude of episodic variations of SF, and the effect of mergers on SFR. Typical galaxies spend ∼ 67(95)% of their lifetime since z = 1 within a factor of 2(4) of their average SFR at a given M ⋆ and z. The dominant mode of the evolution of SF since z ∼ 1 is apparently a gradual decline of the average SFR in most individual galaxies, not a decreasing frequency of starburst episodes, or a decreasing factor by which SFR are enhanced in starbursts. LIRGs at z ∼ 1 seem to mostly reflect the high SFR typical for massive galaxies at that epoch. The smooth MS may reflect that the same set of few physical processes governs star formation prior to additional quenching processes. A gradual process like gas exhaustion may play a dominant role.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z = 1.1: The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-forming Galaxies

Noeske

Weiner

Faber

et al. 2007

ApJ

1,735

1,073

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“…The Spitzer-IRAC depths are those expected at 5σ in a 3 ′′ aperture for observations taken in 2006. The GALEX depths are from Zamojski et al (2007). transmission, telescope reflectivity, instrument optical transmission, filter transmission and detector sensitivity are plotted in Figures 1 & 2 in units of relative detector quantum efficiency normalized to 1 at the peak.…”

Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ACS data acquisition and reduction are detailed in Koekemoer et al (2007), and a monochromatic catalog based only on the HST-ACS observations is presented in Leauthaud et al (2007). Observations at other wavelengths consist of: X-ray observations with XMM (Hasinger et al 2007), ultraviolet (UV) observations with GALEX (Zamojski et al 2007), mid-infrared observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope (Sanders et al 2007), sub-mm observations from the Caltech Sub-mm Observatory (CSO) (Aguirre et al 2007) and Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30m telescope (Bertoldi et al 2007), and radio observations with the Very Large Array (VLA) (Schinnerer et al 2004(Schinnerer et al , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near‐IR Data and Catalog

Capak¹,

Aussel²,

Ajiki³

et al. 2007

ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S

709

432

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We present imaging data and photometry for the COSMOS survey in 15 photometric bands between 0.3µm and 2.4µm. These include data taken on the Subaru 8.3m telescope, the KPNO and CTIO 4m telescopes, and the CFHT 3.6m telescope. Special techniques are used to ensure that the relative photometric calibration is better than 1% across the field of view. The absolute photometric accuracy from standard star measurements is found to be 6%. The absolute calibration is corrected using galaxy spectra, providing colors accurate to 2% or better. Stellar and galaxy colors and counts agree well with the expected values. Finally, as the first step in the scientific analysis of these data we construct panchromatic number counts which confirm that both the geometry of the universe and the galaxy population are evolving.

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“…The optically active S‐enantiomer of 1‐(2‐furyl) ethanol is used as an important building block for the synthesis of various natural products such as flavonoids, polyketide antibiotics, and carbohydrate derivatives . Kobayashi et al reported the enantioselective synthesis of natural product macrosphelides A and B, which act as anti‐adhesion compounds and effectively inhibit the adhesion of human leukemia HL‐60 cells to human‐umbilical‐vein endothelial cells, using S‐1‐(2‐furyl) ethanol as the starting precursor .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 The optically active S-enantiomer of 1-(2-furyl) ethanol is used as an important building block for the synthesis of various natural products such as flavonoids, polyketide antibiotics, and carbohydrate derivatives. [14][15][16] Kobayashi et al reported the enantioselective synthesis of natural product macrosphelides A and B, which act as anti-adhesion compounds and effectively inhibit the adhesion of human leukemia HL-60 cells to human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells, using S-1-(2-furyl) ethanol as the starting precursor. 17 There are a few studies reported on the synthesis of the single enantiomer of 1-(2-furyl) ethanol by asymmetric reduction using baker's yeast, asymmetric chemical catalysts, or lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of (±)‐1‐(2‐Furyl) Ethanol in Nonaqueous Media

Devendran

Yadav

2014

Chirality

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S-1-(2-Furyl) ethanol serves as an important chiral building block for the preparation of various natural products, fine chemicals, and is widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of (R/S)-1-(2-furyl) ethanol using different acyl donors was investigated. Vinyl esters are good acyl donors vis-à-vis alkyl esters for kinetic resolution. Among them, vinyl acetate was found to be the best acyl donor. Different immobilized lipases such as Rhizomucor miehei lipase, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, and Candida antarctica lipase B were evaluated for this reaction, among which C. antarctica lipase B, immobilized on acrylic resin (Novozym 435), was found to be the best catalyst in n-heptane as solvent. The effect of various parameters was studied in a systematic manner. Maximum conversion of 47% and enantiomeric excess of the substrate (ees ) of 89% were obtained in 2 h using 5 mg of enzyme loading with an equimolar ratio of alcohol to vinyl acetate at 60 °C at a speed of 300 rpm in a batch reactor. From the analysis of progress curve and initial rate data, it was concluded that the reaction followed the ordered bi-bi mechanism with dead-end ester inhibition. Kinetic parameters were obtained by using nonlinear regression. This process is more economical, green, and easily scalable than the chemical processes.

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The Total Synthesis of Carbohydrates 1972–1980

Cited by 20 publications

References 261 publications

Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z = 1.1: The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-forming Galaxies

Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z = 1.1: The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-forming Galaxies

The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near‐IR Data and Catalog

Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of (±)‐1‐(2‐Furyl) Ethanol in Nonaqueous Media

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