The Total Lung Volume and its Subdivisions: II. The Effect of Posture

Whitfield, A. G. W.; Waterhouse, J. A. H.; Arnott, W. Melville

doi:10.1136/jech.4.2.86

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The mean residual volume was highest for the total lung capacity seated pool and residual volume seated pool methods at 1134 ml as compared with 1093 ml for the total lung capacity prone tank method and 1122 ml for the TLC prone pool method. The higher residual volume values for the seated position are in agreement with Whitfield et al (1950). The correlation coefficient for the total lung capacity measurements between the prone tank method and residual volume seated pool method was the lowest, although it was highly significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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A hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity and a small tank.

Warner¹,

Yeater²,

Sherwood³

et al. 1986

Br J Sports Med

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The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of a hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity (measuring vital capacity with a respirometer at the time of weighing) the prone position, and a small oblong tank. The validity of the method was established by comparing the TLC prone (tank) method against three hydrostatic weighing methods administered in a pool. The three methods included residual volume seated, TLC seated and TLC prone. Eighty male and female subjects were underwater weighed using each of the four methods. Validity coefficients for per cent body fat between the TLC prone (tank) method and the RV seated (pool), TLC seated (pool) and TLC prone (pool) methods were .98, .99 and .99, respectively. A randomised complete block ANOVA found significant differences between the RV seated (pool) method and each of the three TLC methods with respect to both body density and per cent body fat. The differences were negligible with respect to HW error. Reliability of the TLC prone (tank) method was established by weighing twenty subjects three different times with ten-minute time intervals between testing. Multiple correlations yielded reliability coefficients for body density and per cent body fat values of .99 and .99, respectively. It was concluded that the TLC prone (tank) method is valid, reliable and a favourable method of hydrostatic weighing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Changes in lung volumes during recumbency occur due to the elevation of the level of the diaphragm and the increase in the amount of blood reaching the pulmonary circulation (Whitfield et al, 1950) who compared lung volumes in the sitting and lying positions. The results showed a decrease in the TLC, VC, FRC, and RV during recumbency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity and a small tank.

Warner¹,

Yeater²,

Sherwood³

et al. 1986

Br J Sports Med

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“…FRC is the most affected volume; FRC is approximately 15% higher standing than sitting and 20-25% lower when measured in the supine position as compared with sitting [37]. TLCs are approximately 5% higher standing than sitting and ~2-7% lower than sitting in the supine position [37,38]. Changes in RV are problematic; RV increases of ~25% have been observed when posture changes from sitting to standing [37]; most, but not all, studies show a decrease (e.g.…”

Section: Postural Effects On Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in RV are problematic; RV increases of ~25% have been observed when posture changes from sitting to standing [37]; most, but not all, studies show a decrease (e.g. 0-20%) when posture is changed from sitting to supine [37,38]. The net impact on vital capacity (VC) in most studies is a decrease in VC when posture is changed from sitting to supine.…”

Section: Postural Effects On Lung Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of changes in absolute lung volumes

Bancalari

Clausen

1998

Eur Respir J

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Changes in absolute lung volumes are common in lung disease and result in significant impacts on gas exchange, respiratory muscle function, the sensation of dyspnoea, and limitations to maximal exercise. Though our knowledge regarding the magnitude and determinants of changes in lung volumes in health and disease has increased in the past 20 years, a number of important questions remain unanswered. Consideration of the limitations of specific methods for measuring lung volumes is essential when analysing published studies regarding absolute lung volumes in infants, children and adults. Though functional residual capacity is most commonly measured in children and adults with the subject awake and at rest, increasingly attention is being directed to making these measurements under clinically more relevant conditions (e.g. during exercise, sleep, anesthesia, or mechanical ventilation). The relationships between dynamic changes in functional residual capacity, flow limitation during tidal breaths, sensation of dyspnoea and exercise limitation are important to understand, and are the focus of current and future research. Improved understanding of these relationships may lead to improvements in therapy of patients with acute and chronic lung disease and are likely to be particularly important for evaluating the efficacy of and optimal patient selection for new modes of therapy, such as lung volume reduction surgery.

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“…This restriction of pulmonary function usually persists from a few days to 2-3 weeks leading to postoperative pulmonary complications and increasing the morbidity and cost of treatment. This alteration of ventilatory function is multi factorial: phrenic nerve dysfunction / palsy, effect of anesthetic / analgesic drugs, pain, mechanical functional alteration of chest wall due to sternotomy, pleural opening, prolonged recumbent position [14,15]. diaphragmatic dysfunction, associated cardiac surgery and underlying lung status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%