The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (Team) Study: Direct Measurement of Personal Exposures through Air and Water for 600 Residents of Several U.S. Cities

Wallace, Lance A.; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Sheldon, Linda; Hartwell, Ty; Sparacino, Charles; Zelon, Harvey

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2243-6_13

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Under normal conditions, total VOC levels were less than 60 \ig/ m 3 . Concentrations of most of the VOCs were higher indoors than outdoors, as shown by comparisons between matched indoor and outdoor samples; Similar observations have been made in other studies of both private residences, commercial buildings and public buildings 13 ' 19 " 25 ; however, the indoor-outdoor ratios at Neenah were generally lower than those reported in these earlier studies. For normal periods at Neenah, the total VOC concentrations were inversely proportional to the air exchange rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…10 " 12 The values are also very low compared to those reported by investigators for other indoor environments. 13 ' 14 This is no accident. The personnel at Wisconsin Bell have made a concerted effort to keep concentrations of VOCs within their buildings low.…”

Section: General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Styrene, also called vinyl benzene, is a simple aromatic compound that contains an unsaturated substituent (the vinyl group). Styrene has been associated with smoking 13 and is also found in certain glues. 17 Several styrene polymers or co-polymers [e.g., polystyrene, acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene rubber, Noryl] could also be sources of styrene monomer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Shields

Weschler

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Shields

Weschler

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Studies showed that the quality of indoor air could be worse than that of outdoor air (Wallace, et al, 1986;U.S. EPA, 2001a).…”

Section: Indoor Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Environments and Allergen Avoidance Practices in a Hot, Humid Climate

Kutintara¹

2003

Housing and Society

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The purpose of the study was to examine home conditions, housing satisfactions, and allergen avoidance practices of people with allergic rhinitis, focusing on female patients who lived in an urban area in a hot, humid climate. The Morris and Winter theory of housing adjustment provides a theoretical base for this study. Nine hypotheses were tested to investigate interrelationships among home conditions, housing satisfaction in terms of health issues, allergen avoidance practices, and age. A sample of 41 female allergy patients aged 20 to 77 years completed a screening questionnaire and an in-depth survey questionnaire. The researcher visited their dwellings to conduct home observations and to take photos.Dust mite allergens were reported as the most common allergy triggers. Presence of cockroaches, presence of furry pets outdoors, molds in bathrooms, and molds in kitchens were the most common problematic home conditions. Open shelves, bookcases, drapes, horizontal blinds, and foam rubber pillows were the most common allergy related items found in respondents' bedrooms. Concerning health issues, the majority of the respondents were satisfied with their homes. Allergen avoidance practices were not followed regularly, particularly, using allergen-proof pillowcases and sheets, washing bedding in hot water, wearing a particle mask when vacuuming, using an exhaust fan, an air cleaner, a dehumidifier, and cockroach traps. The respondents who received suggestions from doctors were more likely to follow allergen avoidance practices than those who did not receive suggestions.The result shows a significant negative relationship between problematic home conditions and housing satisfaction in terms of health issues. A significant negative relationship between age and allergen avoidance practices was found. Older sufferers were less likely to use allergen-proof products. They also lived in older homes that were more likely to have allergy related conditions. The most common obstacles that prevented respondents from improving their homes in order to avoid allergens were cost of products, emotional attachment to pets, not having time to improve homes, and procrastination. Based on these findings, design recommendations, home maintenance recommendations, and lifestyle practice recommendations were developed.iii

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“…reported in the tap water from several locations in this country (Eurocop-Cost, 1976;Wallace et al, 1986).…”

Section: Time (Hr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Potentiation of Vinylidene Chloride Hepatotoxicity in Rats and Precision-Cut Rat Liver Slices

et al. 1996

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(1996). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 34,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] Pretreatment of large doses of vitamin A (VA) is known to potentiate the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. Therefore the effects of 1-day VA pretreatment on VDC hepatotoxicity was examined both in vivo and in an in vitro system of precision-cut rat liver slices. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 250,000 IU/kg VA by oral gavage. After 24 hr rats were administered 50,100, or 200 mg/kg VDC ip. Precision-cut liver slices were prepared from VA pretreated rats 24 hr later and the liver slices were exposed for 2-8 hr to 0.025-1.0 fjl VDC evaporated into the gas phase of the incubation vials. VA pretreatment resulted in an enhancement of VDC toxicity, both in vivo and in vitro. There was a dose-dependent increase in plasma ALT 24 hr after VDC treatment of rats and an increase in K + leakage from liver slices after VDC exposure. Histologjcal analysis of the liver or the liver slices revealed that VA + VDC treatment resulted in centrilobular necrosis of the liver. When GdCl 3 (10 mg/kg iv) was administered just before VA pretreatment of rats, VDC toxicity was partially reversed as observed by a decrease in ALT in vivo and a decrease in the loss of K + in vitro. These results indicated that Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, were partially responsible for the VA-potentiated VDC hepatotoxicity. One-day pretreatment of VA induced cytochrome P450IIE1 protein content as well as its enzymatic activity as measured by pnitrophenol hydroxylation. Because VDC is bioactivated by cytochrome P450IIE1, the increase in VDC hepatotoxicity after VA may be due to an increased bioactivation of VDC in the liver and in precision-cut liver slices. Thus, more than one mechanism may be involved in the VA enhancement of VDC hepatotoxicity.

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The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (Team) Study: Direct Measurement of Personal Exposures through Air and Water for 600 Residents of Several U.S. Cities

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Home Environments and Allergen Avoidance Practices in a Hot, Humid Climate

Vitamin A Potentiation of Vinylidene Chloride Hepatotoxicity in Rats and Precision-Cut Rat Liver Slices

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