The total content of vitamin D in human milk and cow's milk

Leerbeck, E.; Sondergaard, H

doi:10.1079/bjn19800004

Cited by 97 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…In vitamin D-sufficient women, breast milk vitamin D concentration ranges from 15 to 50 IU/l and is even lower in women who are vitamin D-deficient (61) . Therefore policy that recommends vitamin D supplementation for breast-fed infants and those not consuming sufficient infant formula to meet their daily requirements will be necessary if currently recommended intakes in infancy (200 IU/d) are to be met (7) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific

Grant

Wall

Crengle

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in young urban children in Auckland, New Zealand, where there is no routine vitamin D supplementation. Design: A random sample of urban children. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ,27?5 nmol/l (,11 ng/ml). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and, from these, relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated. Setting: Auckland, New Zealand (36852 0 S), where the daily vitamin D production by solar irradiation varies between summer and winter at least 10-fold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific

Grant

Wall

Crengle

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Milk normally contains little vitamin D or 25OHD, ϳ30 -40 IU/liter in total, while calcitriol is usually very low to undetectable (400,410,515,545,587,748,872,939). Consequently, maternal 25OHD should not decline significantly as a consequence of milk production, and this has been confirmed by multiple studies (156, 157, 165-167, 470, 505, 558, 764, 805, 862, 871).…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Kovacs

2016

Physiological Reviews

370

524

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During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains ϳ30 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus, and 0.8 g magnesium. About 80% of mineral is accreted during the third trimester; calcium transfers at 300-350 mg/day during the final 6 wk. The neonate requires 200 mg calcium daily from milk during the first 6 mo, and 120 mg calcium from milk during the second 6 mo (additional calcium comes from solid foods). Calcium transfers can be more than double and triple these values, respectively, in women who nurse twins and triplets. About 25% of dietary calcium is normally absorbed in healthy adults. Average maternal calcium intakes in American and Canadian women are insufficient to meet the fetal and neonatal calcium requirements if normal efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is relied upon. However, several adaptations are invoked to meet the fetal and neonatal demands for mineral without requiring increased intakes by the mother. During pregnancy the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption doubles, whereas during lactation the maternal skeleton is resorbed to provide calcium for milk. This review addresses our current knowledge regarding maternal adaptations in mineral and skeletal homeostasis that occur during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery. Also considered are the impacts that these adaptations have on biochemical and hormonal parameters of mineral homeostasis, the consequences for long-term skeletal health, and the presentation and management of disorders of mineral and bone metabolism.

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“…7,8,12 Outros fatores de risco importantes são a deficiência materna de vitamina D 7,8,12 e o aleitamento materno exclusivo por períodos prolongados 7,8,12,14 (o leite materno é pobre em vitamina D, 15 sendo fundamental a suplementação vitamínica a partir do primeiro mês de vida). 7,12 Para este caso clínico em concreto contribuíram várias variáveis que culminaram no raquitismo carencial grave: aleitamento materno exclusivo sem suplementação vitamínica, raça negra e erros alimentares, com ausência de ingestão de leite e derivados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Raquitismo: Ressurgimento do Passado

et al. 2015

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RESUMONa última década o raquitismo tem ressurgido nos países desenvolvidos, devido a alterações no estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares. Descrevemos o caso de uma criança de 28 meses, raça negra, antecedentes de aleitamento materno exclusivo até aos nove meses sem suplementação vitamínica e ausência de ingestão de produtos lácteos por suspeita de intolerância às proteínas de leite de vaca, internado por má progressão estaturo-ponderal. Apresentava varismo acentuado, rosário costal e punhos de boneca. Analiticamente destacava-se elevação da paratormona intacta e fosfatase alcalina, com diminuição do calcidiol. O estudo radiológico evidenciava desmineralização óssea generalizada, com alargamento das extremidades e metáfises do rádio e cúbito distais em forma de taça. Admitido o diagnóstico de raquitismo carencial, foi instituída terapêutica com colecalciferol e carbonato de cálcio, com progressiva melhoria clínica, laboratorial e radiológica. Neste caso destacam-se vários fatores que, conjugados, contribuíram para um raquitismo carencial grave, alertando para o ressurgir desta patologia. Palavras-chave: Criança; Deficiência de Vitamina D; Raquitismo; Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil. ABSTRACTIn the past decade rickets has re-emerged in developed countries due to changes in lifestyles and dietary habits. We describe a case of a 28-month-old black infant with failure to thrive. He was exclusively breastfed until nine months of age, without vitamin supplementation, and never ingested milk products due to alleged cow's milk intolerance. His examination revealed bowlegs, rachitic rosary and wide wrists. Alkaline phosphatase and intact parathyroid hormone levels were elevated, and calcidiol was decreased. Radiographic images showed bone demineralization, fraying and cupping of the distal radius and ulna. Nutritional rickets was considered and treatment with colecalciferol and calcium carbonate was initiated, with clinical, laboratory and radiologic improvement. In this case, a group of factors contributed to severe nutritional rickets, alerting to the re-emergence of this disease. Keywords: Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency. INTRODUÇÃOO raquitismo é uma patologia resultante de um defeito de mineralização do tecido osteoide do osso em crescimento.1 De acordo com a etiologia pode classificar-se em três grupos: carencial (défice de aporte), primário (defeitos congénitos do metabolismo da vitamina D), ou secundário (sendo o raquitismo hipofosfatémico familiar o mais frequente). 1Com elevada prevalência até há três décadas, o raquitismo carencial permanece um problema de saúde pública nos países desenvolvidos, onde tem ressurgido na última década devido a alterações no estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares.2-4 Países como Canadá e Estados Unidos da América (EUA) têm reportado na última década inúmeros casos clínicos e elaborado revisões casuísticas que revelam um aumento importante dos casos de raquitismo carencial.3-5 Dos fatores de risco identificados destacam-se, pela sua prevalência, exposiç...

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The total content of vitamin D in human milk and cow's milk

Cited by 97 publications

References 8 publications

Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific

Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Raquitismo: Ressurgimento do Passado

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