“…Advances in information and communication technology have increased the demand for wearable and portable electronic devices. [1][2][3][4] However, the conventional power supplies for these devices, such as electrochemical batteries, do not meet the requirements of the demand in terms of quantity and resource consumption, especially in inaccessible, remote systems and wireless sensors. 5,6) Thus, the concept of self-powered electronics that harvest energy from the environment has attracted much attention recently.…”