The total apolipoprotein B/LDL-cholesterol ratio does not predict LDL particle size

Tallis, George A.; Shephard, Mark; Sobecki, S.; Whiting, Malcolm J.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(95)06131-6

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, it is noted that measured ratios of apolipoprotein B-100 to LDL cholesterol, which theoretically should be greater for small versus large LDL particles, 22 do not always show the expected consistency of association with LDL size. 23,24 Further research is required to explain any potential differences between LDL particle concentration (NMR) and apolipoprotein B-100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Blake

Otvos²,

Rifai³

et al. 2002

Circulation

369

231

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Background-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers an alternative, spectroscopic means of quantifying LDL and of measuring LDL particle size. Methods and Results-We conducted a prospective nested case-control study among healthy middle-aged women to assess LDL particle size (NMR) and concentration (NMR) as risk factors for future myocardial infarction, stroke, or death of coronary heart disease. Median baseline levels of LDL particle concentration (NMR) were higher (1597 vs 1404 nmol/L; Pϭ0.0001) and LDL particle size (NMR) was lower (21.5 vs 21.8 nm; Pϭ0.046) among women who subsequently had cardiovascular events (nϭ130) than among those who did not (nϭ130). Of these 2 factors, LDL particle concentration (NMR) was the stronger predictor (relative risk for the highest compared with the lowest quartileϭ4.17, 95% CI 1. 96 -8.87). This compared with a relative risk of 3.11 (95% CI 1.55-6.26) for the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and a relative risk of 5.91 (95% CI 2.65-13.15) for C-reactive protein.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for LDL particle concentration (NMR), total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, and C-reactive protein were 0.64, 0.64, and 0.66, respectively. LDL particle concentration (NMR) correlated with several traditionally assessed lipid and nonlipid risk factors, and thus adjustment for these tended to attenuate the magnitude of association between LDL particle concentration (NMR) and risk. Conclusions-In this cohort, LDL particle concentration measured by NMR spectroscopy was a predictor of future cardiovascular risk. However, the magnitude of predictive value of LDL particle concentration (NMR) was not substantively different from that of the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio and was less than that of C-reactive protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Blake

Otvos²,

Rifai³

et al. 2002

Circulation

369

231

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Surrogate markers of LDL size include the ratio of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration to apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentration (16,17 ), the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (18 ), the ratio of apoB to HDL-C (19 ), the ratio of triglyceride (TG) concentrations to HDL-C concentrations or log(TG/HDL-C) (19 -22 ), and the TG concentration itself. Their use as proxy measures of LDL size remains controversial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Stan¹,

Lévy²,

Delvin³

et al. 2005

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Smaller, denser LDL particles are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In youths, data on the distribution of LDL particle size and on its association with other CVD risk factors are limited. Methods: We determined LDL peak particle size by nondenaturing 2%-16% gradient gel electrophoresis in a representative sample of 2249 youths 9, 13, and 16 years of age who participated in a school-based survey conducted in 1999 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Standardized clinical measurements and fasting plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations were available. Results: The LDL peak particle size distribution was gaussian. The 5th, 50th (median), and 95th percentiles by age and sex were 255.5-258.6, 262.1-263.2, and 268.1-269.5 Å, respectively. The prevalence of the small, dense LDL phenotype (LDL peak particle size <255 Å) was 10% in participants with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), in contrast to 1% in those without IRS. In a multiple regression analysis, the association of LDL size with other CVD risk factors [apolipoprotein B, HDLcholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin concentrations, and body mass index] was strongest with TG and HDL-C concentrations: a 1 SD increase in log e -transformed TG concentration was associated with

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Clinical significance of the physicochemical properties of LDL in type 2 diabetes

2005

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Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes. LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis are related, both in healthy people and those with diabetes; however, people with diabetes are more prone to atheroma, even though their LDL cholesterol levels are similar to those in their non-diabetic peers. This is because LDL particles are modified in the presence of diabetes to become more atherogenic. These modifications include glycation in response to high plasma glucose levels; oxidative reactions mediated by increased oxidative stress; and transfer of cholesterol ester, which makes the particles smaller and denser. The latter modification is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. Oxidatively and non-oxidatively modified LDL is involved in plaque formation, and may thus contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis. This review discusses the techniques currently used to determine the physicochemical properties of LDL, and examines the evidence that modification of these properties plays a role in the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with type 2 diabetes.

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The total apolipoprotein B/LDL-cholesterol ratio does not predict LDL particle size

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Clinical significance of the physicochemical properties of LDL in type 2 diabetes

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