The toronto mindfulness scale: Development and validation

Abstract

In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mindfulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, participants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decentering. Most of the expected relationships with other constructs were as expected. The TMS scores increased with increasing mindfulness meditation experience. In Study 2, criterion and incremental validity of the TMS were investigated on a group of individuals participating in 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs. Results showed that TMS scores increased following treatment, and Decentering scores predicted improvements in clinical outcome. Thus, the TMS is a promising measure of the mindfulness state with good psychometric properties and predictive of treatment outcome.

The impact of psychological distress during pregnancy on the developing fetus: biological mechanisms and the potential benefits of mindfulness interventions

“…Zhang and Emory [66] replicated the "Mindful Motherhood" program, and studied its effects on pregnant African-American women. There was a significant positive correlation between number of sessions attended by participants and their mindfulness scores, based on the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) [85]. There was a significant negative correlation between number of sessions attended and both intensity of pregnancy-related hassles (based on the hassle intensity subscale of Pregnancy Experience Scale Brief Version; PES) [86] and reactive salivary cortisol response.…”

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale

“…Con el fin de evaluar la atención plena y estudiar su relación con distintos aspectos de la salud se han diseñado distintas escalas, tales como el Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) 6 , el Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) 7 , la Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS-R) 8 , la Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) 9 , el Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) 10 y la Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) 11 . Existen considerables diferencias entre estos autoinformes ya que no todos comparten la misma definición de atención plena, no están dirigidos a la misma población o han utilizado distinta metodología para su construcción.…”

Induced Boredom Constrains Mindfulness: An Online Demonstration

“…For example, previous studies interested in the effects of mindfulness have induced mindfulness using a 15-minute guided meditation. 45 Utilizing such a methodology would not only address the important question of whether the relationship between states of boredom and mindfulness are truly bidirectional and symmetrical, but also whether it is possible to deliver mindfulness training in an online format.…”