The tooth of a Neanderthal child from Stajnia Cave, Poland

Nowaczewska, Wioletta; Dąbrowski, Paweł; Stringer, Chris; Compton, Tim; Kruszyński, Rob; Nadachowski, Adam; Socha, Paweł; Binkowski, Marcin; Urbanowski, Mikołaj

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.12.001

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Stajnia Cave is famous for the discovery of the first remains of Neanderthals in Poland (Nowaczewska et al 2013 ; Urbanowski et al 2010 ). Six stratigraphical complexes named from A to G were distinguished in this cave, spanning the period of more than 100,000 years (Żarski et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato)

Baca

Popović

Stefaniak

et al. 2016

Sci Nat

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The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato) is a typical representative of Pleistocene megafauna which became extinct at the end of the Last Glacial. Detailed knowledge of cave bear extinction could explain this spectacular ecological transformation. The paper provides a report on the youngest remains of the cave bear dated to 20,930 ± 140 14C years before present (BP). Ancient DNA analyses proved its affiliation to the Ursus ingressus haplotype. Using this record and 205 other dates, we determined, following eight approaches, the extinction time of this mammal at 26,100–24,300 cal. years BP. The time is only slightly earlier, i.e. 27,000–26,100 cal. years BP, when young dates without associated collagen data are excluded. The demise of cave bear falls within the coldest phase of the last glacial period, Greenland Stadial 3. This finding and the significant decrease in the cave bear records with cooling indicate that the drastic climatic changes were responsible for its extinction. Climate deterioration lowered vegetation productivity, on which the cave bear strongly depended as a strict herbivore. The distribution of the last cave bear records in Europe suggests that this animal was vanishing by fragmentation into subpopulations occupying small habitats. One of them was the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland in Poland, where we discovered the latest record of the cave bear and also two other, younger than 25,000 14C years BP. The relatively long survival of this bear in karst regions may result from suitable microclimate and continuous access to water provided by deep aquifers, indicating a refugial role of such regions in the Pleistocene for many species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato)

Baca

Popović

Stefaniak

et al. 2016

Sci Nat

Self Cite

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“…These images show a greyscale (relative scale from 0 to 255) representation of the distribution of the X-ray attenuation coefficient, also simply termed the relative distribution of sample density. Later, after many improvements, it became a universal laboratory technique applied in a wide range of scientific disciplines, including anthropology (Nowaczewska et al, 2013), palaeobiology (Garwood et al, 2009;Blazejowski et al, 2011), and geology (Cnudde et al, 2006).…”

Section: Radiocarbon Dating and Ageedepth Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plant macrofossil diagrams were prepared with C2 software (Juggins, 2003). The plant nomenclature follows Mirek et al (2002) and Ochyra et al (2003).…”

Section: Plant Macrofossilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing human impact on peatland development during the past 200 years in CE Europe through biotic proxies and X-ray tomography

Lamentowicz

Mueller

Gałka

et al. 2015

Quaternary International

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“…Micoquian finds have been reported from the Polish sites of Biśnik (Cyrek et al 2014) and Stajnia (Urbanowski et al 2010). The latter had Micoquian artifacts associated with three molars interpreted as Neanderthals, which are the only human remains found with Polish Late MP artifacts (Urbanowski et al 2010;Dąbrowski et al 2013;Nowaczewska et al 2013). The Moravian site of Kůlna also contained Micoquian artifacts (Layers 6-9) associated with Neanderthal fossils (Layer 7a) (Valoch 1988;Neruda & Nerudová 2014).…”

Section: Archaeological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 94%

Late Middle Paleolithic of Southern Poland: Radiocarbon dates from Ciemna and Obłazowa Caves

Alex

Valde‐Nowak

Regev

2017

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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New radiocarbon dates are reported for Late Middle Paleolithic (MP) layers of Ciemna and Obłazowa Caves in Southern Poland. The sites present methodological challenges for radiocarbon dating related to post-depositional mixing, materials preservation, and radiocarbon measurements near the detection limit. We describe strategies to address these issues, which allowed for estimation of the timing of lithostratigraphic layers. At Ciemna, bones associated with Late MP artifacts are older than 50 ka. At Obłazowa, bones associated with Late MP artifacts produced dates between 50-45 ka cal BP and a possible Szeletian phase occurred sometime between 45-39 ka cal BP. These new dates add to the regional chronology and strengthen the case that a number of distinct archaeological industries appeared in Southern Poland and Moravia during Marine Isotope Stage 3.

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The tooth of a Neanderthal child from Stajnia Cave, Poland

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato)

Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato)

Reconstructing human impact on peatland development during the past 200 years in CE Europe through biotic proxies and X-ray tomography

Late Middle Paleolithic of Southern Poland: Radiocarbon dates from Ciemna and Obłazowa Caves

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