The token test: Validity and diagnostic power in Alzheimer's disease

Swihart, Andrew A.; Panisset, Michel; Becker, James T.; Beyer, Julia; Boiler, François

doi:10.1080/87565648909540423

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Our results are similar to Swihart et al 24 , although this author had found even higher correlations. Considering the total sample, the TT also correlates moderately with DS, CB, SVF "animals" and SVF "fruits".…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluating Language Comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: the use of the Token Test

Paula

Bertola

Nicolato

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Token test (TT), a verbal comprehension test, and its applicability to the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: One hundred and sixty participants (80 AD and 80 controls) performed the TT and a short battery of neuropsychological tests designed to evaluate general cognitive status, working memory and executive functions. Internal consistency, factor structure, correlation with other measures and group comparisons were evaluated. RESULTS: The test evinced good internal consistency and a bi-factorial structure (related to comprehension and attention). Differences between AD and controls were significant, however the TT presented only moderate sensitivity and specificity for the AD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The TT showed evidence of good psychometric properties and adequacy for characterizing comprehension deficits in AD, but it was not an appropriate test for the AD detection and diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluating Language Comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: the use of the Token Test

Paula

Bertola

Nicolato

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…By comparison, language surveys (Appell et al, 1982;Cummings et al, 1985;Hier et al, 1985;Kertesz et al, 1986;Nebes et al, 1989) and more detailed investigations of grammatical aspects of language in pAD (Blanken, Dittman, Haas, & Wallesch, 1987;Kemper, LaBarge, Ferraro, Cheung, & Storandt, 1993;Kempler, Curtiss, & Jackson, 1987) have noted very few grammatical errors in brief samples of spontaneous oral and written production. Other reports have indicated that pAD patients may have some difficulty understanding sentences with subordinate phrases or matrix verbs (Emery & Breslau, 1989;Bayles, 1982;Kontiola, Laaksonen, Sulkava, & Erkinjuntti, 1990;Swihart, Panisset, Becker, Beyer, & Boller, 1989;Tomoeda, Bayles, Boone, & Kaszniak, 1990). However, this has been attributed to factors such as postcomputational limitations in short-term memory or the impaired appreciation of conceptual boundary constraints represented by grammatical features (Grossman, Mickanin, Onishi, & Hughes, 1995;Rochon, Waters, & Caplan, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical Acquisition in Probable Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 1997

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“…Although the Token test -short version is described as an instrument for the assessment of oral comprehension, several studies have stated that other cognitive skills are also required for this test 29 , such as working memory -phonologic loop, and linguistic and attention skills. For this reason, the other cognitive skills required, especially at level 6, cause children with ADHD to exhibit a decline in performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory performance, oral comprehension and learning process between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children with anxiety disorder

et al. 2018

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Purpose: to compare aspects of memory, learning and oral comprehension between children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and children with Anxiety Disorder (AD). Methods: thirty-two children (7-10 years) were divided into: G1 - children diagnosed with ADHD, and G2 - children diagnosed with AD. The children were not under drug treatment. The tests applied assessed working memory (phonological loop and visuospatial sketch), learning, episodic memory and oral comprehension. Results: both groups showed changes in working memory for visuospatial sketch and phonological loop (worse performance in pseudowords in the ADHD group and digit-reversed order for children with AD), and in oral comprehension. Group comparison showed a statistically significant difference regarding the most complex level of the oral comprehension test and the repetition of nonwords with three syllables. Both groups showed a suitable performance in learning ability, however, the group of children with ADHD suffered from backward interference, with no memory consolidation, showing low episodic memory performance. Conclusion: children with ADHD and anxiety disorder showed various altered cognitive skills, although group comparison revealed that children with ADHD exhibited worse cognitive performance.

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The token test: Validity and diagnostic power in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluating Language Comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: the use of the Token Test

Evaluating Language Comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: the use of the Token Test

Lexical Acquisition in Probable Alzheimer's Disease

Memory performance, oral comprehension and learning process between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children with anxiety disorder

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