“…The vacuum vessel provides a suitable condition for plasma shaping, baking, confinement, stability and supervising [6][7][8]. The vacuum vessel is designed to be capable of achieving the base pressure of 1 × 10 −5 Torr for the generation and confinement of the tokamak plasma, and also to be structurally capable of sustaining the vacuum pressure, the baking gas pressure, the electromagnetic (EM) loads during plasma disruption and the thermal loads during bake-out [9,10].…”