The tobacco withdrawal syndrome: performance decrements assessed on a computerized test battery

Snyder, Frederick; Davis, Frances C.; Henningfield, Jack E.

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(89)90090-2

Cited by 144 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Performance decrements were more severe with earlier age at the onset of smoking. In adult humans, cessation of regular tobacco smoking disrupts memory (Pineda et al, 1998;West and Hack, 1991) and attention (Shiffman et al, 1995;Snyder et al, 1989), while administration of nicotine, or resumption of tobacco smoking, reverses these withdrawal-related deficits (Foulds et al, 1996;Krebs et al, 1994;Pineda et al, 1998). Consistent with these observations in adults, memory deficits worsened in adolescent tobacco smokers during nicotine withdrawal (Jacobsen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Visuospatial Memory Deficits Emerging During Nicotine Withdrawal in Adolescents with Prenatal Exposure to Active Maternal Smoking

Jacobsen

Slotkin

Westerveld

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Active maternal smoking during pregnancy elevates the risk of cognitive deficits and tobacco smoking among offspring. Preclinical work has shown that combined prenatal and adolescent exposure to nicotine produces more pronounced hippocampal changes and greater deficits in cholinergic activity upon nicotine withdrawal than does prenatal or adolescent exposure to nicotine alone. Few prior studies have examined the potential modifying effects of gestational exposure to active maternal smoking on cognitive or brain functional response to tobacco smoking or nicotine withdrawal in adolescents. We examined visuospatial and verbal memory in 35 adolescent tobacco smokers with prenatal exposure to active maternal smoking and 26 adolescent tobacco smokers with no prenatal exposure to maternal smoking who were similar in age, educational attainment, general intelligence, and baseline plasma cotinine. Subjects were studied during ad libitum smoking and after 24 h of abstinence from smoking. A subset of subjects from each group also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a visuospatial encoding and recognition task. Adolescent tobacco smokers with prenatal exposure experienced greater nicotine withdrawal-related deficits in immediate and delayed visuospatial memory relative to adolescent smokers with no prenatal exposure. Among adolescent smokers with prenatal exposure, nicotine withdrawal was associated with increased activation of left parahippocampal gyrus during early recognition testing of visuospatial stimuli and increased activation of bilateral hippocampus during delayed recognition testing of visuospatial stimuli. These findings extend prior preclinical work and suggest that, in human adolescent tobacco smokers, prenatal exposure to active maternal smoking is associated with alterations in medial temporal lobe function and concomitant deficits in visuospatial memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Visuospatial Memory Deficits Emerging During Nicotine Withdrawal in Adolescents with Prenatal Exposure to Active Maternal Smoking

Jacobsen

Slotkin

Westerveld

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Alternatively, a positive effect may require sustained activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or production of a neuromodulatory product. Notably, a return to baseline performance on a digit recall task was observed within 4-8 h but not 1 h of reinitiating smoking following deprivation for 10 days (Snyder et al, 1989). It is therefore possible that in contrast to the relatively well documented, immediate effect of nicotine to improve sustained and selective attention in abstinent smokers (Pritchard & Robinson, 1998), the normalization of working memory function may require more time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, within 4 h of initiating smoking abstinence, tobacco-dependent research participants showed increased response latency and poorer accuracy on a digit recall task; their performance returned to baseline levels within 24 h of resuming smoking (Snyder, Davis, & Henningfield, 1989). A similar effect was observed in smokers, whose performance in the a serial recall of letters deteriorated after 12 h of deprivation and normalized after smoking a single cigarette (Blake & Smith, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Working memory in cigarette smokers: Comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence

Mendrek

Monterosso

Simon

et al. 2006

Addictive Behaviors

142

136

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The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoking and withdrawal on working memory. Participants included 15 smokers and 22 matched non-smokers. For both groups the N-Back Task (of working memory) was administered in two test blocks on each of two days. On one day, smokers were tested after ≥13 h abstinence; on the other day, testing began ≤1 h after smoking. Smokers inhaled one cigarette between the blocks on each test day. Results indicated that performance of smokers after ≥13 h but not ≤1 h abstinence was significantly less accurate than that of non-smokers. A within-subject comparison revealed that in the abstinence session, smokers had significantly longer response latencies (in the 2-back condition) and made more overall errors compared to the satiety session. Smoking between test blocks in the abstinence session did not significantly affect performance although it significantly reduced craving. These findings provide further evidence for a deficit in working memory associated with acute abstinence from smoking, which may contribute to the difficulty of smoking cessation.

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“…In adults and adolescent humans, cessation of regular tobacco smoking produces an acute withdrawal syndrome, one characteristic of which is disruption of attention and memory (Jacobsen et al, 2005;Pineda et al, 1998;Shiffman et al, 1995;Snyder et al, 1989;West and Hack, 1991). To minimize potentially confounding effects of nicotine withdrawal on cognitive function, smokers were permitted to smoke their own brand of cigarettes during a break midway through behavioral testing and immediately before scanning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Auditory and Visual Attention

Jacobsen

Slotkin

Mencl

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

136

143

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Prenatal exposure to active maternal tobacco smoking elevates risk of cognitive and auditory processing deficits, and of smoking in offspring. Recent preclinical work has demonstrated a sex-specific pattern of reduction in cortical cholinergic markers following prenatal, adolescent, or combined prenatal and adolescent exposure to nicotine, the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke. Given the importance of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission to attentional function, we examined auditory and visual selective and divided attention in 181 male and female adolescent smokers and nonsmokers with and without prenatal exposure to maternal smoking. Groups did not differ in age, educational attainment, symptoms of inattention, or years of parent education. A subset of 63 subjects also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an auditory and visual selective and divided attention task. Among females, exposure to tobacco smoke during prenatal or adolescent development was associated with reductions in auditory and visual attention performance accuracy that were greatest in female smokers with prenatal exposure (combined exposure). Among males, combined exposure was associated with marked deficits in auditory attention, suggesting greater vulnerability of neurocircuitry supporting auditory attention to insult stemming from developmental exposure to tobacco smoke in males. Activation of brain regions that support auditory attention was greater in adolescents with prenatal or adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke relative to adolescents with neither prenatal nor adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke. These findings extend earlier preclinical work and suggest that, in humans, prenatal and adolescent exposure to nicotine exerts gender-specific deleterious effects on auditory and visual attention, with concomitant alterations in the efficiency of neurocircuitry supporting auditory attention.

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The tobacco withdrawal syndrome: performance decrements assessed on a computerized test battery

Cited by 144 publications

References 17 publications

Visuospatial Memory Deficits Emerging During Nicotine Withdrawal in Adolescents with Prenatal Exposure to Active Maternal Smoking

Visuospatial Memory Deficits Emerging During Nicotine Withdrawal in Adolescents with Prenatal Exposure to Active Maternal Smoking

Working memory in cigarette smokers: Comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence

Gender-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Auditory and Visual Attention

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