The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in southwestern Gondwana: an example from the Andean Basin, northern Chile

Fantasia, Alicia; Föllmi, Karl B.; Adatte, Thierry; Bernárdez, Enrique; Spangenberg, Jorge E.; Mattioli, Emanuela

doi:10.1144/jgs2018-008

Cited by 77 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Section 2 is a classic locality in the lower Quebrada El Asiento near Potrerillos examined or mentioned by numerous previous researchers (e.g., von Hillebrandt and Schmidt-Effing 1981;Pérez 1982;Aberhan 1992;von Hillebrandt 2006;Pérez et al 2008;Fantasia et al 2018). Shells used in the present study were collected from the Pliensbachian part of the succession, which was divided into three ammonite zones by von Hillebrandt and Schmidt-Effing (1981): Fig.…”

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This Andean Basin in present-day Chile and Argentina was divided into subbasins by several ridges and separated from the open ocean by volcanic arcs, but connections allowing the exchange of water masses existed most of the time (e.g., Gröschke et al 1988;Aberhan 1992;Vicente 2006). A marine transgression reached the basin in the Late Triassic and marine conditions prevailed throughout the Jurassic (Aberhan 1992) with sea-level maxima in the Toarcian and Bajocian (Fantasia et al 2018). The study area was inundated in the Early Sinemurian (von Hillebrandt 1971(von Hillebrandt , 1973.…”

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in other regions, the Jurassic biostratigraphy of South America relies heavily on ammonites, but age assignments and correlations based on these index fossils are still continuously improved and have not been finalized for all localities and/or time intervals (compare von Hillebrandt 1987;Riccardi 2008). The fossils used in the current study have been assigned to ammonite zones based on results of previous studies (von Hillebrandt 1973(von Hillebrandt , 1987(von Hillebrandt , 2002von Hillebrandt and Schmidt-Effing 1981;Aberhan and von Hillebrandt 1996;Pérez et al 2008;Fantasia et al 2018).…”

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3): the Davoei, Margaritatus, and Spinatum zones. This scheme was also adopted by Fantasia et al (2018), who additionally studied the nannofossil biostratigraphy of the same section. These studies were the foundation to assign Bed 2-1 to the upper Davoei to lower Margaritatus Zone and Bed 2-2 to the Margaritatus Zone (for sections with bed numbers see chapter 5).…”

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells

2019

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The stable isotope (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) composition of a collection of Lower Jurassic brachiopods and oysters from the Andean Basin of northern Chile was analyzed. The results allow the first reconstruction of absolute water temperatures for several ammonite zones in the Lower Jurassic of South America. The temperature record starts with comparatively high values in the Late Sinemurian (average: 27.0°C; Raricostatum Zone). Just before the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian transition, temperatures dropped to an average of 24.3°C. The lowest temperature value in the dataset was recorded for a brachiopod shell of the latest Pliensbachian Spinatum Zone (19.6°C). No data are available for the Early Toarcian, but results for the late Toarcian show again comparatively warm conditions (average: 24.4°C; Thouarsense-Levesquei zones). Even though more material and analyses are necessary to corroborate the recorded temperatures, the present dataset seems to indicate the global nature of the Late Pliensbachian Cooling Event. In contrast, the global warming during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event has not been recorded due to a lack of Early Toarcian material. The δ 13 C record of brachiopods and oysters documents a gradual increase in values representing background conditions. Oyster shells were used for high-resolution stable isotope analyses and show seasonal temperature fluctuations over a period of around 3 years in the life time of the bivalves. If explained only by temperatures, the δ 18 O values point to a minimum estimate for the seasonality in the late Toarcian of slightly more than 3°C.

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Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells

2019

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“…Although the original definition of the T-OAE was based on the presence of a lithostratigraphic marker (Jenkyns, 1985), the development of chemostratigraphy demonstrated that the T-OAE is associated with a negative C isotopic anomaly documented in marine carbonates and organic matter as well as in terrestrial organic matter including fossil wood and specific organic compounds (Jenkyns and Clayton, 1986;Hesselbo et al, 2000Hesselbo et al, , 2007Schouten et al, 2000;Jenkyns et al, 2002;Emmanuel et al, 2006;Van Breugel et al, 2006;Al-Suwaidi et al, 2010;Caruthers et al, 2011;Izumi et al, 2012;Kafousia et al, 2014;Reolid, 2014;Xu et al, 2017;Them et al, 2017;Fantasia et al, 2018). As shown by Fantasia et al (2018), such a negative C isotopic anomaly might have resulted from volcanogenic CO 2 , thermogenic methane associated with metamorphism, and dissociation of marine or terrestrial clathrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coring the sedimentary expression of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: new stratigraphic records from the Tethys Ocean

Erba¹,

Gambacorta²,

Visentin³

et al. 2019

Sci. Dril.

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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) interval was cored at Colle di Sogno and Gajum in the Lombardy Basin (Southern Alps, northern Italy). The Sogno and Gajum cores recovered 26.83 and 31.18 stratigraphic metres, respectively, of pelagic sediments consisting of marly limestones, marlstone, marly claystone, and black shale. Drilling at both sites resulted in 100 % recovery of unweathered material. The pelagic succession comprises a relatively expanded black shale interval of 4.98 m in the Sogno core and 15.35 m in the Gajum core, with lower and upper boundaries without evidence of hiatuses. The Sogno and Gajum cores can be considered reference sections for the pelagic lower Toarcian interval of the western Tethys and will provide high-resolution micropaleontological, inorganic and organic geochemical, isotopic multiproxy data. Integrated stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy are predicted to result in estimates of durations and rates to model the ecosystem resilience to the extreme perturbations of the T-OAE and gain a better understanding of current global changes and help provide better projections of future scenarios.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the IODP and the ICDP.

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Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Tracer of Large Igneous Province Volcanism

Percival

Bergquist

Mather

et al. 2021

Large Igneous Provinces

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Volcanic activity associated with the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) has been linked to most Phanerozoic extinctions/episodes of major environmental change. In recent years, mercury (Hg) enrichments and elevated mercury/total organic carbon (Hg/TOC) ratios have been increasingly utilized as a marker of volcanism in sedimentary records deposited distally from LIPs. The proxy is based on the premise that volcanism is a major natural source of the element to the atmosphere, and was especially important prior to anthropogenic emissions. To date, end-Permian and end-Triassic records illustrate the strongest use of Hg as a volcanic proxy; aided by supporting evidence (including Hg isotopes) for LIP eruptions and/or volatile emissions. Sedimentary records of several other events also document Hg enrichments in at least one region, suggesting regional or global Hg-cycle perturbations potentially linked to volcanism at those times. The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event appears to be an exception, with Hg/TOC peaks documented in a small minority of studied records, suggesting minimal Hg-cycle disturbance at that time. Even for events that apparently featured a global-scale Hg-cycle perturbation, variable Hg enrichments across individual archives of that same crisis indicate that the complex biogeochemical cycling of the element can strongly influence local/regional aquatic, biological, or sedimentary processes to alter the precise signature of any worldwide disturbance. Recent studies are beginning to investigate these complexities, but further work is needed to fully explore the nuances of Hg in the geological record, and how it can be best employed as a proxy for LIP volcanism.

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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in southwestern Gondwana: an example from the Andean Basin, northern Chile

Cited by 77 publications

References 106 publications

First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells

First steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells

Coring the sedimentary expression of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: new stratigraphic records from the Tethys Ocean

Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Tracer of Large Igneous Province Volcanism

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