The TIR-NB-LRR pair DSC1 and WRKY19 contributes to basal immunity of Arabidopsis to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

Background: Root-knot nematodes transform vascular host cells into permanent feeding structures to withdraw nutrients from the host plant. Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana can display large quantitative variation in susceptibility to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which is thought to be independent of dominant major resistance genes. However, in an earlier genome-wide association study of the interaction between Arabidopsis and M. incognita we identified a quantitative trait locus harboring homologs of dominant resistance genes but with minor effect on susceptibility to the M. incognita population tested. Results: Here, we report on the characterization of two of these genes encoding the TIR-NB-LRR immune receptor DSC1 (DOMINANT SUPPRESSOR OF Camta 3 NUMBER 1) and the TIR-NB-LRR-WRKY-MAPx protein WRKY19 in nematode-infected Arabidopsis roots. Nematode infection studies and whole transcriptome analyses using the Arabidopsis mutants showed that DSC1 and WRKY19 co-regulate susceptibility of Arabidopsis to M. incognita. Conclusion: Given the head-to-head orientation of DSC1 and WRKY19 in the Arabidopsis genome our data suggests that both genes may function as a TIR-NB-LRR immune receptor pair. Unlike other TIR-NB-LRR pairs involved in dominant disease resistance in plants, DSC1 and WRKY19 most likely regulate basal levels of immunity to root-knot nematodes.

A high‐quality Brassica napus genome reveals expansion of transposable elements, subgenome evolution and disease resistance

“…We identified 24 NLR genes (including 4 new annotated NLR genes) for winter ecotypes, while no NLR genes were found for semi‐winter ecotypes in the selected regions (Figure 6, Table 2). Among these, 10 NLR genes were homologous to the A. thaliana functional NLR genes, such as NRG1.2 gene (Wu et al ., 2019b), BAR1 gene (Laflamme et al ., 2020) and BNT1 gene (Sarazin et al ., 2015; Warmerdam et al ., 2020) (Table S26). Moreover, three NLR gene pairs ( ZS11A09.DSC1/ZS11A09.WARK19 , ZS11C02G049990/ZS11C02.CSA1 and chrC02_48975332_48976070/ZS11C02G050050 ) were identified in the winter selected region and ZS11A09.WARK19, ZS11C02G049990 and ZS11C02G050050 were clustered in the sensor clade, while ZS11A09.DSC1, ZS11C02.CSA1 and chrC02_48975332_48976070 (named by chromosome with domain position) in the executor clade (Figure 4, Tables S18 and S26).…”

“…Moreover, three NLR gene pairs ( ZS11A09.DSC1/ZS11A09.WARK19 , ZS11C02G049990/ZS11C02.CSA1 and chrC02_48975332_48976070/ZS11C02G050050 ) were identified in the winter selected region and ZS11A09.WARK19, ZS11C02G049990 and ZS11C02G050050 were clustered in the sensor clade, while ZS11A09.DSC1, ZS11C02.CSA1 and chrC02_48975332_48976070 (named by chromosome with domain position) in the executor clade (Figure 4, Tables S18 and S26). The homologous gene pair of ZS11_PB ( ZS11A09.DSC1/ZS11A09.WARK19 ) in A. thaliana ( AT4G12010.DSC1/AT4G12020.WRKY19 ) has been shown to be associated with the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Warmerdam et al ., 2020).…”

A genome-wide association study in Indian wild rice accessions for resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

“…The trait such as total endoparasite counts in rice accessions was not taken into consideration as only one SNP was detected for this trait at-log 10 (P) > 2.75. Lowering the threshold for significance in GWAS study may increase the false discovery rate which in turn reveals more common alleles with smaller effect size in test populations [20].…”

“…Additionally, prior knowledge of genotype pedigree/crosses is not required in GWAS as bi-allelic SNP markers can be used to estimate the population structure [16][17][18]. To date, only in a few studies, GWAS has been used to identify novel QTLs for phytonematode resistance or susceptibility in different plants including Arabidopsis [19,20] wheat [21], soybean [22] and rice [23]. QTLs associated with root galling were mapped to the chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 11 and 12 in a global panel of Asian rice [23].…”

Unravelling the Differential Expression of Potential microRNAs in Bacterial Wilt-resistant and Susceptible Ginger Species

“…Wrky19 is a Transcription factor which act as a disease resistance protein with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity 58 . The TIR-NB-LRR pair DSC1 and WRKY19 was reported in contributing basal immunity in Arabidopsis aganist the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita 59 . Also overexpression of wheat WRKY gene TaWRKY19 increased the salt, drought, and freezing tolerance in transgenic plants 60 .…”