The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal ‘Age’

Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R.; Croft, Darin A.; Charrier, Reynaldo

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00360-2

Cited by 170 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The diverse Tinguiririca Fauna recovered from near Termas del Flaco, of which the notohippids are an important constituent, formed the basis for the formalized Tinguirirican SALMA , which lies temporally between the Mustersan and Deseadan of the classical SALMA sequence. An extensive series of isotopic dates (summarized in Flynn et al, 2003) have been generated for strata hosting and underlying the Tinguiririca Fauna, indicating that E. bondi and its contemporaries described below are no younger than ~31.5 million years old (early Oligocene) and could be ~1-2 million years older (Bradham et al, 2015).…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly, the horizon producing E. obscurus was the highest fossiliferous level in Feruglio's section, meaning that this specimen likely originated from a stratigraphic level chronologically equivalent to Ameghino's APS (presumably Ameghino and Feruglio's sampling localities at the Gran Barranca did not coincide exactly). Three different collectors (Ameghino, Feruglio, and Simpson) thus independently recovered E. obscurus from the highest levels of beds once considered Mustersan, but that are now regarded as pertaining to the Tinguirirican SALMA (Wyss et al, 1994;Bond et al, 1996Bond et al, , 1997Kay et al, 1999;Flynn et al, 2003;Gelfo et al, 2009). This age inference is supported by recent studies at Gran Barranca that have documented Eomorphippus only at level GBV-4 ("La Cancha"), an interval referred to the Tinguirician SALMA ) (see also : Ré et al, 2010;and Dunn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Description: Eomorphippus neilopdykei, identified as "notohippid new taxon B" by Wyss et al (1994) and as "undescribed taxon B" by Flynn et al (2003), is currently known only from lower teeth. E. neilopdykei is nearly identical in all comparable morphological details to E. bondi, except that it is much smaller at only slightly greater than half the size of the latter species.…”

Section: Eomorphippus Neilopdykei Species Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned, the uppermost levels of the Puesto Almendra Member of the Sarmiento Formation are now recognized as producing the distinctive '' Astraponotéen plus supérieur'' (APS) fauna, which pertains to the Tinguirirican SALMA (Wyss et al, 1994;Bond et al, 1996;Flynn et al, 2003;Gelfo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Rosendo Genus Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'E.' pascuali" by Flynn et al (2003), is currently known from upper and lower teeth as well as from both sides of the modern Andean divide. R. pascuali represents the smaller bodied of the two low-crowned notohippids described in this study.…”

Section: Rosendo Genus Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

Wyss

Flynn

Croft

2018

American Museum Novitates

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Here we describe three new notohippid notoungulate species from the early Oligocene-aged Tinguiririca Fauna (Tinguirirican SALMA), recovered from volcaniclastic deposits of the Abanico Formation in the central Chilean Andes, two of which are known from material sufficiently complete to warrant formal naming. These include Eomorphippus bondi, sp. nov., a form of moderate size distinguished by hypsodont incisors and cheekteeth, as well as distinctive proportions of the upper incisors. A closely similar but more diminutive form is described as Eomorphippus neilopdykei, sp. nov. A third previously unrecognized notohippid in the Tinguiririca Fauna, best represented by a large, low-crowned, lower incisor battery, almost certainly represents a new taxon, but remains too fragmentary to warrant naming now. We also propose a new binomial for a previously named notohippid, ?Eomorphippus pascuali, originally described from Gran Barranca in Argentina but which is now also recorded in Chile. This taxon, here named Rosendo pascuali, is markedly less hypsodont than E. bondi and E. neilopdykei and retains lingual cingula on at least p4-m1. As least one leontiniid notoungulate occurs in the Tinguiririca Fauna, Termastherium flacoensis, gen. et sp. nov., best represented by two partial upper cheek toothrows and a tentatively referred maxillary fragment bearing three deciduous teeth. Collec-

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Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eomorphippus Neilopdykei Species Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rosendo Genus Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rosendo Genus Novummentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

Wyss

Flynn

Croft

2018

American Museum Novitates

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Functional anatomy of the limbs of erethizontidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha): Indicators of locomotor behavior in Miocene porcupines

Candela

Picasso

2007

Journal of Morphology

120

251

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Functional analysis of the limb bones of the erethizontid Steiromys duplicatus, one of the most abundant Miocene porcupines from Patagonia, provides evidence to infer their locomotor behavior. Remains of the giant Neosteiromys pattoni (Late Miocene of Northeast Argentina) are also analyzed. Osteological and myological features of extant porcupines were evaluated and used as a model to interpret the functional significance of Miocene species' limbs. Several features in erethizontids are compatible with the ability to climb: the low humeral tuberosities indicate a mobile gleno-humeral joint; the prominent and distally extended deltopectoral crest indicates a powerful pectoral muscle, which is particularly active when climbing; the humero-ulnar and humero-radial joints are indicative of pronation-supination movements; the well-developed lateral epicondylar ridge and the medially protruding entepicondyle are in agreement with an important development of the brachioradialis, supinator, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator teres muscles, acting in climbing and grasping functions; the mechanical advantage of the biceps brachii would be emphasized because of its distal attachment on the bicipital tuberosity. As with extant porcupines, in Miocene species, the large femoral head would have permitted a broad range of abduction of the femur, and the medially protruding lesser trochanter would have emphasized the abduction and outward rotation of the femur by the action of the ilio-psoas complex. In S. duplicatus, the shape of the hip, knee, and cruro-astragalar, calcaneo-astragalar, and astragalo-navicular joints would have allowed lateral and rotational movements, although probably to a lesser degree than in extant porcupines. Foot features of S. duplicatus (e.g., great medial sesamoid bone, medial astragalar head, complete hallux) indicate that this species would have had grasping ability, but would not have achieved the high degree of specialization of Coendou. Steiromys duplicatus would have been a semiarboreal dweller, resembling Erethizon dorsatum.

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Bushmeat skeletal waste from an Atlantic African rainforest (Equatorial Guinea) as a test for the Mammal Community Structure Analysis in paleoecology

Rosas

Aguado

García-Tabernero

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Mammalian Community Structure Analysis (MCSA) is a widely used paleoecological method for reconstructing environments in fossil sites where apes and hominins are present. However, any fossil assemblage is the result of complex ecological and taphonomic processes that may obscure biological interpretation. In this work, we test the validity of the MCSA for the reconstruction of African rain forest environments through an actualistic approach. For this purpose, we compare the living Mammalian Community Structure of the National Park of Monte Alen (MA) and surrounding areas (Equatorial Guinea, Río Muni) with the one inferred from associations of skeletal remains (ASRs) collected in villages of the area. It was found that in equatorial rain forest contexts, humans are a significant accumulating agent of skeletal remains, in contrast to other accumulating organisms, which are absent. In villages where hunting of wild animals (bushmeat) is regular, a good number of osteological remains from food residues are deposited near the houses. We collected six samples from five villages and treated each of them as “skeletal associations.” We also considered a cumulative deposit composed by the total sample of 3153 skeletal remains. Mammalian Community Structure was estimated using three ecovariables: weight, locomotor adaptation, and diet. Cluster and Correspondence Analysis of the three ecological variables validated the fauna of MA as that of an African tropical forest. Next, the ASRs were compared with the fauna of MA. Some of the localities allowed accurate environmental reconstruction; however, three “skeletal associations” do not provide the minimum amount of data needed for their characterization, ecological biases being evident. The skeletal assemblage that best matches the living reference community is the composite sample. From a paleoecological reconstruction viewpoint, the tropical forest signal is conserved when evaluating percentage relationships between the most diagnostic ecovariables, particularly fruit‐eating mammals versus carnivores and arboreal mammals. Taken together, the MCSA is effective in detecting African tropical ecosystems.

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The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal ‘Age’

Cited by 170 publications

References 46 publications

New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

New Paleogene Notohippids and Leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, Central Chile

Functional anatomy of the limbs of erethizontidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha): Indicators of locomotor behavior in Miocene porcupines

Bushmeat skeletal waste from an Atlantic African rainforest (Equatorial Guinea) as a test for the Mammal Community Structure Analysis in paleoecology

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