The time dependence of reference pressure in limited region available potential energy budget equations

Smith, Phillip J.; EDMON, HAROLD J.

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00759.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Although Margules (1910) was the first to propose the theory of atmospheric energy availability, it was Lorenz (1955) who provided the modern framework for atmospheric energetics, and the concept of APE became widely accepted and applied to the global atmospheric and oceanic energy budget (Oort 1964(Oort , 1971Peixóto and Oort 1974;Oort et al 1989;Li et al 2007Li et al , 2011Kim and Kim 2013;Roullet et al 2014;Pan et al 2017). As it is based on the global average, the APE cannot be used to diagnose regional atmospheric energetics, although several studies have tried to expand the APE to the local scale by incorporating the energy flux at the boundary of the chosen study region adding the boundary energetics fluxes (Smith 1969;Johnson 1970;Smith et al 1977;Edmon Jr 1978). Furthermore, the minimum total potential energy is defined as the atmospheric reference state of the APE if the stratification is horizontal and statically stable; however, this ideal reference condition is physically unrealistic.…”

Section: Atmospheric Ppementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in atmospheric perturbation potential energy associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Clim Dyn

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This study investigates the energy conversion processes and their relation to convection (circulation) during the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) years from the viewpoint of atmospheric perturbation potential energy (PPE). An atmospheric PPE dipole pattern associated with the SCSSM develops over the western North Pacific (WNP) and southern Maritime Continent (SMC) in the boreal summer, serving as a link between the SCSSM and diabatic heating. Actually, the conversion between the energy variations and the convection over the WNP is distinctly different with that over the SMC. The precipitation leads the PPE over the WNP, while similar situation is reversed over the SMC. During strong SCSSM years, the higher PPE over the WNP, controlled primarily by the latent heat released from condensation related to surplus precipitation, is corresponding to the negative energy conversion (C k) over there. This indicates that more PPE is converted to perturbation kinetic energy and further intensifying ascending motion over the WNP. Consequently, the descending movement reduces the PPE and is corresponding to positive C k over the SMC, suggesting that the less PPE converts into the perturbation kinetic energy and in turn favors the descending movement and deficit precipitation there. The enhanced southwesterly induced by this SCSSM Hadley circulation, superimposed on the mean southwesterly wind, further favors the intensification of the SCSSM, implying that the SCSSM can maintain development through the positive convection-PPE-circulation feedback.

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Section: Atmospheric Ppementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in atmospheric perturbation potential energy associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Clim Dyn

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“…We consider first the so-called ''exact'' APE ( v * ' ZP + waP/az)' Assuming equation in isobaric coordinates. Smith et al (1977), hereafter referred to as SVE, have defined…”

Section: Reformulation Of the Dp Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reformulation of the concept of available potential energy (APE) based on Margules' (1903) earlier work, energetics studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of baroclinic and barotropic processes operative on global scales. Subsequent formulations of the equations for open systems in isobaric coordinates (Smith, 1969;Vincent and Chang, 1973;Smith et al, 1977;and Edmon, 1978) and in isentropic coordinates (Johnson, 1970) have permitted studies of individual synoptic events. Included in the more recent isobaric formulations is a term identified by Egger (1 976) which involves the Lagrangian rate of change of reference pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

Robertson¹

1985

Tellus A

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“…1. Extreme values (open, hatched) from the six winter/spring cases in Table 4 DP integrated change of reference pressure [Egger, 1976;Smith et al, 1977], which is equal to zero when integrated over the entire atmosphere [Boer, 1976].…”

Section: Potential Energy Budgets a Available Potential Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetics of extratropical cyclones

Smith¹

1980

Reviews of Geophysics

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The use of energetics analyses in studies of extratropical cyclones has received increasing attention over the past 15 years. Particularly significant have been analyses of the transport, generation, and dissipation of kinetic energy and the diabatic generation of available potential energy. In examining the energetics of extratropical cyclones this paper (1) reviews and distills the results of kinetic energy and available potential energy budget studies carried out over the past 15 years and (2) uses these results to establish the significance of the extratropical cyclone in the general circulation.

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The time dependence of reference pressure in limited region available potential energy budget equations

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Variations in atmospheric perturbation potential energy associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon

Variations in atmospheric perturbation potential energy associated with the South China Sea summer monsoon

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

The energetics of extratropical cyclones

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