The Time and Site of Contraceptive Action of an Intra-Uterine Device in the Mouse

Marston, J. H.; Kelly, W. A.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0430083

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…2 embryos/horn compared with 4-9/horn in control mice. This reduced yield has been reported before for mice (Doyle & Margolis, 1966;Marston & Kelly, 1969), but the rapid investment of embryos by the large mass of PMNLs seen in histological sections (Hurst et al, 1977a) Fig. 1.…”

Section: Culturessupporting

confidence: 70%

In-vitro development of preimplantation embryos recovered from IUD-bearing mice

Hurst¹,

Jefferies²,

Dawson³

et al. 1978

Reproduction

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Section: Culturessupporting

confidence: 70%

In-vitro development of preimplantation embryos recovered from IUD-bearing mice

Hurst¹,

Jefferies²,

Dawson³

et al. 1978

Reproduction

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“…Fertilization, tubal transport and development of embryos appear to be unaffected in such animals, but the numbers of embryos that can be recovered by flushing the uterus at the time at which they can be expected to have entered the horns are smaller than those recoverable from controls (Marston & Kelly, 1969; and our unpublished data). Flushing therefore does not distinguish between intrauterine death or premature expulsion of embryos from the mouse uterus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

Intrauterine degeneration of embryos in IUD-bearing mice

Hurst¹,

Jefferies²,

Eckstein³

et al. 1977

Reproduction

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, 1970). Fertilization, tubal transport and development of embryos appear to be unaffected in such animals, but the numbers of embryos that can be recovered by flushing the uterus at the time at which they can be expected to have entered the horns are smaller than those recoverable from controls (Marston & Kelly, 1969; and our unpublished data). Flushing therefore does not distinguish between intrauterine death or premature expulsion of embryos from the mouse uterus. In an attempt to discover the fate of embryos in IUD-bearing mice the following histological experiment was undertaken. Methods and resultsThe 6-8-week-old mice were of the LACA strain. Suture IUDs of braided silk (6/0 gauge) were inserted into the middle third of randomly-selected single horns at laparotomy. Control animals were sham-operated by passing a needle and silk through one horn. Following a rest period of 3 weeks females were mated during the final hour (09.00-10.00 h) of the 14-h dark period.Six IUD-bearing mice were killed at 72 h p.c., 6 at 96 h and a further 3 at 120 h. At autopsy, corpora lutea (CL) in both ovaries were counted under a dissecting microscope and the entire repro¬ ductive tract above the cervix was fixed in Bouin's fluid. Serial, longitudinal sections (7 pm) of the horns and oviducts were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and periodic acid-Schiff reagent. At least 300 sections per complete reproductive tract were examined for the presence and location of embryos.The results are summarized in Table 1. In the sham-operated controls examined at 72 and 96 h p.c., blastocysts were seen spaced along both uterine horns, and no polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) were observed in the lumina of either the horns or the oviducts. In one animal killed at 96 hp.c. ovum attachment had occurred, and there was evidence of normal decidual cell development in the underlying stroma.In all IUD-bearing animals large masses of PMNLs were seen to surround the IUD and to extend from it towards both the ovarian and cervical extremities of the horn, frequently filling the lumen (PI. 1, Fig. 1). In two mice examined at 72 hp.c, 9 embryos were detected, all of them in the oviducts on the IUD side. In one of these animals 4 degenerated embryos were present (PL 1, Fig. 2), and in the other 5 apparently normal blastocysts were clustered in the isthmus. Small numbers of PMNLs were observed at the periphery of four of these embryos. In the other 4 animals examined at 72 hp.c. 18 embryos were detected in the horns, lying between the IUD and uterotubal junction, all being surrounded by PMNLs. These embryos lacked zonae pellucidae, probably due to their dissolution by the Bouin fixative. Mitotic figures were seen in several embryos, but 10 of 18 had hypertrophied and irregularly shaped cells, and appeared to be degenerating (PI. 1, Fig. 3). Fig. 4). Some embryos were considered to be degenerating, and in two horns PMNLs were observed between individual blastomeres (PI. 2, Fig. 5). Fewer PMNLs were found in the lumen, epithelium and stroma of the ...

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“…It is known that embryos at the morula stage enter the uterus early in the evening of the 4th day of pregnancy (De Feo, 1965, and (Greenwald, 1965;Marston & Kelly, 1969;Bartke, 1970). Parr (1969) Parr (1969) estimates that the toxic effect of the leucocytes on the embryos could occur within a few hours so that the exposure of the morulae to the hostile environment, from their time of entry into the uterus at approximately 18.00 hours to the time of disappear¬ ance of the toxins 5 hr later (in Group 3, see text and Text- fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contraceptive Action of the Copper Iud in the Rat

Webb¹

1973

Reproduction

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Summary. Experiments are described that were designed to show the time and site of the contraceptive action of an intrauterine copper device in the rat. The IUD had no effect on fertilization. Progressively fewer embryos survived, the later the device was removed during the afternoon and evening of the 4th day of pregnancy. The presence of the IUD for the first few hours only of embryonic life completely suppressed implantation, causing death of the embryos. Exposure of the pseudopregnant uterus to copper for the same period was unable to affect the decidual response to traumatization. It was concluded that the contraceptive action of the copper is due to the fact that its presence results in an embryotoxic environment which causes the death of the embryos before any noticeable effect on the endometrium. As the embryos are not killed immediately they enter the uterine lumen, it is likely that death occurs at a time in the development of the embryo when it becomes sensitive to the toxins. Such a time could be the period of transition from the morula stage to the blastocyst.

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The Time and Site of Contraceptive Action of an Intra-Uterine Device in the Mouse

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

In-vitro development of preimplantation embryos recovered from IUD-bearing mice

In-vitro development of preimplantation embryos recovered from IUD-bearing mice

Intrauterine degeneration of embryos in IUD-bearing mice

The Contraceptive Action of the Copper Iud in the Rat

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