The Ticino-Toce glacier system (Swiss-Italian Alps) in the framework of the Alpine Last Glacial Maximum

Kamleitner, Sarah; Ivy‐Ochs, Susan; Monegato, Giovanni; Gianotti, Franco; Akçar, Naki; Vockenhuber, Christof; Christl, Marcus; Synal, Hans-Arno

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107400

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Based on the existing chronology of the glaciations in the Anatolian Mountains, we conclude that the glacier expansion during the Last Global Glacial Maximum was recorded in this peninsula in the Eastern Mediterranean, and its collapse was as rapid as in the Alps (e.g., Kamleitner et al [47] and references therein). However, undisputable Lateglacial records are rare in the Anatolian Mountains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…It has been hypothesized that this gradient also operated during the ice ages, resulting in more extensive glaciers to the north of the mountain divide than to the south in the precipitation shadow. However, paleoglaciation has been reported as well from the drier interior of the Anatolian Plateau (for instance from Mount Erçiyes; [41]), and changes in the circulation patterns during the LGM have been reconstructed for western Anatolia (Mount Uludağ; [42][43][44], the Balkans, e.g., [45,46]; and the Alps, e.g., [47] and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During globally cold phases, such as the LGM, the Polar Front migrated to the south. In Western Europe, it was as far south as 40° N (Kamleitner et al [47] and references therein), which would place it in the southern part of the Caspian Sea for the Caucasus area. Anticyclonic circulation controlled by the southerly shifted Siberian High-Pressure System causes airflow from the Aral and Caspian Sea areas across the Caucasus and westward to northeastern Anatolia, dumping precipitation on the high mountains there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LGM Glaciations in the Northeastern Anatolian Mountains: New Insights

et al. 2022

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Barhal Valley belongs to the Çoruh Valley System in the Kaçkar Mountains of northeastern Anatolia. This 13 km long valley is located to the south of the main weather divide and to the east of Mt. Kaçkar, with the highest peak of the mountain range being 3932 m. Today, source of an average yearly precipitation of 2000 mm of moisture is the Black Sea, situated approximately 40 km to the north of the study site. Glaciers of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) descended directly from Mt. Kaçkar and reached an altitude of ca. 1850 m a.s.l. (above sea level). In this study, we are exploring whether the position of Barhal Valley to the south of the main weather divide and its east–west orientation have an influence on the existence and expansion of paleoglaciers. Here, we present 32 new cosmogenic 36Cl dates on erratic boulders from the Çoruh Valley System. We reconstructed three geomorphologically well-contained glacier advances in the Barhal Valley, namely at 34.0 ± 2.3 ka, 22.2 ± 2.6 ka, and 18.3 ± 1.7 ka within the time window of the global LGM. Field evidence shows that the glacier of the 18.3 ± 1.7 ka advance disappeared rapidly and that by the latest time, at 15.6 ± 1.8 ka, the upper cirques were ice-free. No evidence for Lateglacial glacier fluctuations was found, and the Neoglacial activity is restricted to the cirques with rock glaciers. A range of 2700 to 3000 m for the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) at the LGM was reported based on modeling of the glacial morphology. We determined that the most likely position of the LGM ELA in the Çoruh Valley System was at 2900 m a.s.l. We suggest an alternative moisture source to the direct transport from the Black Sea for the ice accumulation in the Eastern Black See Mountains. The shift of the Polar Front and of the Siberian High Pressure System to the south during the LGM resulted in the domination of easterly airflow to the Caucasus and Kaçkar Mountains with moisture from expanded lakes in central–western Siberia and from the enlarged Aral- and Caspian Seas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LGM Glaciations in the Northeastern Anatolian Mountains: New Insights

et al. 2022

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“…The second glacier advance phase happened ca. 21-19 ka on the northern and southern sides of the Alps (Jorda, 1988;Lister, 1988;Monegato et al, 2007;Starnberger et al, 2011;Federici et al, 2012Federici et al, , 2016Ravazzi et al, 2012;Fontana et al, 2014;Reber et al, 2014;Ivy-Ochs, 2015;Ivy-Ochs et al, 2018;Braakhekke et al, 2020;Kamleitner et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main glacier advance phases have been recorded during the LGM in the European Alps. The first one occurred between 24 and 22 ka in the Italian foreland (Monegato et al, 2007; Gianotti et al, 2008, 2015; Ravazzi et al, 2012; Fontana et al, 2014; Scapozza et al, 2014; Ivy-Ochs et al, 2018; Braakhekke et al, 2020; Kamleitner et al, 2022) and in the northern Swiss foreland (Ivy-Ochs et al, 2004; Akçar et al, 2011; Reber et al, 2014; Graf et al, 2015; Ivy-Ochs, 2015), followed by a simultaneous retreat of the northern Swiss foreland lobes from their maximum positions (Ivy-Ochs et al, 2004; Akçar et al, 2011; Reber et al, 2014; Graf et al, 2015; Ivy-Ochs, 2015). The second glacier advance phase happened ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleogeographical reconstruction of the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum using cosmogenic exposure dating

et al. 2022

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The extent of glaciers in the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum (LGM, 26.5–19 ka) has not yet been determined, so understanding glacial paleogeography during the LGM remains an open question. This study focuses on the glacial chronology in the western French Alps piedmont using 10Be surface exposure ages on nine glacial boulders and 12 erratic boulders. Results indicate an LGM glacier advance between ca. 24 and 21 ka. During the late LGM, a smaller glacier readvance or stabilization phase occurred at ca. 19 ka, which was followed by a withdrawal phase between ca. 19 and 16.5 ka. Our outcomes show that the LGM extent in the western French Alps was similar or slightly less extensive than the pre-LGM ice extents during the last glacial. Such paleogeography has also been suggested in the western Italian Alps, which share the same accumulation zone with the western French Alps glaciers. The LGM dynamic of the western French Alps foreland glaciers highlighted by our exposure ages is consistent with the timing of the LGM glacier advances and deglaciation with the western Italian ice lobes.

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Rinikerfeld Palaeolake (Northern Switzerland) – a sedimentary archive of landscape and climate change during the penultimate glacial cycle

Gegg

Anselmetti

Deplazes

et al. 2022

J Quaternary Science

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While timing and ice extent of the last glacial maximum are generally well known, the courses of earlier glaciations have remained poorly constrained, with one of the main reasons being the scarcity of sedimentary archives. This study introduces a new palaeolake record from a Mid‐Pleistocene glaciofluvial channel system in the Lower Aare Valley (Northern Switzerland). The record of Rinikerfeld comprises a >40 m long succession of Quaternary deposits that are targeted by multi‐method sedimentological analysis. Sedimentary facies together with geochemical and geotechnical parameters, pollen content, as well as luminescence ages allow the reconstruction of the establishment, evolution and infilling of the early Marine Isotope Stage 6‐aged Rinikerfeld Palaeolake. A drastic change in lake sediment composition and structure indicates cessation of the initial glacially derived input, which is explained by landscape modification and drainage rerouting during the Penultimate (Beringen) Glaciation. Geochemical and palynological data further reveal cold, initially periglacial but slightly ameliorating, climate conditions, while the lake was progressively filled up by local runoff, before being buried by periglacial colluvial diamicts, and potentially overridden by ice. It is therefore concluded that the onset of the Beringen Glaciation was an environmentally as well as geomorphically dynamic time period in the Northern Alpine Foreland.

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The Ticino-Toce glacier system (Swiss-Italian Alps) in the framework of the Alpine Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 28 publications

References 79 publications

LGM Glaciations in the Northeastern Anatolian Mountains: New Insights

LGM Glaciations in the Northeastern Anatolian Mountains: New Insights

Paleogeographical reconstruction of the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum using cosmogenic exposure dating

Rinikerfeld Palaeolake (Northern Switzerland) – a sedimentary archive of landscape and climate change during the penultimate glacial cycle

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