The tibial subchondral plate. A scanning electron microscopic study.

Duncan, H; Jundt, J; Riddle, Jeanne M.; Pitchford, W. C.; Christopherson, T

doi:10.2106/00004623-198769080-00015

Cited by 99 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…The nature of the gaps can only be speculated. It is possible that they are identical to the holes seen in SEM (Duncan et al, 1987) and histology (Milz and Putz, 1994). These canal-like holes containing vessel-like structures were described as preferentially grouped in regions where stress is greatest (Milz and Putz, 1994), but in our specimens they seemed to be distributed evenly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…These canal-like holes containing vessel-like structures were described as preferentially grouped in regions where stress is greatest (Milz and Putz, 1994), but in our specimens they seemed to be distributed evenly. Vascular channels are thought to connect the marrow spaces of trabecular bone with the calcified cartilage layer, thereby nourishing the deeper cartilage layers that cannot be nourished by synovial fluid (Bullough and Jagannath, 1983;Duncan et al, 1987;Milz and Putz, 1994;Muller-Gerbl, 1998). Contradictory results have been described about whether or not the number of perforations decrease with age (Green et al, 1970;Milz and Putz, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Wolschrijn

Weijs

2005

Anat. Rec.

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The medial coronoid process (MCP) of the ulna takes part in the weightbearing function of the elbow in quadrupedal animals. In this study, the timing of development of a solid subchondral bone layer (SBL) of the MCP in the dog is investigated, as this might be important in the pathogenesis of the fractured medial coronoid process, a common disease in young dogs of larger breeds. The SBL is considered to make an important contribution to the strength of the MCP. In this study, the SBL is visualized at the humeral articular side (H-side) and in the radial notch (RN) via three-dimensional reconstructions of micro-CT scans (34 m voxel size) in nine young golden retrievers. After micro-CT scanning, the area was investigated histologically. Gradually, the appearance of the SBL on the H-side changes from a trabecular aspect to an even surface with gaps and finally to a completely even surface. The surface in the RN is still rough at 24 weeks after birth, although some consolidation has occurred. Initially, the enchondral ossification activity, as observed in the histological sections, is high, but later, when the intertrabecular spaces are filled in with calcified cartilage and bone, activity is less evident. Some vessels penetrated the SBL, but it is unclear if they account for all the gaps in the surface seen in micro-CT. In addition, the formation of a cortical structure of the proximal ulnar shaft could be visualized. The bony cortex is already even at the mediocaudal side of the proximal ulna 4 weeks after birth, but remains trabecular at the dorsal side until 6 weeks later. We hypothesize that the observed differences in the formation of an even SBL or cortex can be explained by mechanical factors. A smooth cortical layer has an even thickness and will be stronger than a cortex with varying thickness. In the MCP, compressive forces exerted by the humerus may be responsible for the early smoothening on the H-side. In the proximal ulna, the resistance to bending in the sagittal plane will depend mainly on the caudal surface of the ulna (and dorsal surface of the radius), surfaces furthest away from the neutral axis. At least the caudal ulna smoothened first, thus providing stiffness against bending at an early age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Wolschrijn

Weijs

2005

Anat. Rec.

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“…Mechanically, regenerated fibrous cartilage is inferior to hyaline cartilage [21,22]. Subchondral bone that has cross talk with articular cartilage [23,24] may not restore after the subchondral bone plate is damaged by BMS in animal osteochondral models [25,26]. In a human clinical study, Reilingh et al [26] recently revealed that subchondral bone was not filled completely in 78.6% of OLT at 1 year after BMS.…”

Section: Reparative Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteochondral lesions of the talus in the athlete: up to date review

Shimozono

Yasui

Ross

et al. 2017

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Purpose of review Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are common injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the clinical results and return to sport capacity in athletes following treatment for OLT. Recent findings Reparative procedures, such as bone marrow stimulation, and replacement procedures, such as autologous osteochondral transplantation, provide good clinical outcomes in short-and mid-term follow-up in the athlete. Recently, biological augmentation and scaffold-based therapies have been shown to improve clinical and radiological outcomes in OLT in both the general population and athletes. Summary Most studies are of a low level of evidence. Studies analyzing the return to sport capability in athletes are further lacking. High-level evidence and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the most effective treatment protocol.

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“…Histological stains of osteoarthritic murine knee joints for proteoglycans, such as Safranin-O, reveal a faint line of demarcation between calcified and uncalcified cartilage known as a tidemark [17][18][19][20]. This observation suggests that the cartilage becomes metabolically calcified in an induced conversion of HAC into ACC, during the onset and progression of OA [11,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Tidemark Line of Calcification in Osteoarthritic Cartilage Using a Stain for Alkaline Phosphatase

Black¹,

Crepeau²,

Sheffield³

et al. 2017

J Arthritis

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Inflammatory response and calcification are strongly implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Key inflammatory biomarkers present throughout the process of OA have been established but an association with calcification has not been clarified. A faint line, tidemark, exists between the subchondral bone and the articular surface in knee joints that is presumed to be the line of demarcation between calcified and uncalcified cartilage. This study shows that the tidemark is where calcification is actively occurring. Mouse knees (n=8) were stained for both Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Safranin-O/Fast Green. ALP, active during tissue calcification, was used to identify the true location of calcification. Images from both stains were overlaid for comparison of complementary tissues. The cartilage area above the tidemark was then compared to the area above the ALP line of calcification. Because the two areas proved to be nearly statistically identical, the conclusion is that the tidemark observed in the Safranin-O/Fast Green stain is indeed the line of calcification for articular cartilage. The role of calcification in OA was further examined by comparing NPP1, calcification marker, with HtrA1. We demonstrate a reciprocal correlation between HtrA1 and NPP1, suggesting a link between pathological calcification and inflammation in joints experiencing OA.

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The tibial subchondral plate. A scanning electron microscopic study.

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Development of the subchondral bone layer of the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna

Osteochondral lesions of the talus in the athlete: up to date review

Identification of the Tidemark Line of Calcification in Osteoarthritic Cartilage Using a Stain for Alkaline Phosphatase

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