The Three Ts of Adopting Tobacco-free Policies on College Campuses

Hahn, Ellen J.; Fallin, Amanda; Darville, Audrey; Kercsmar, Sarah E.; McCann, Melissa; Record, Rachael A.

doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2011.11.002

Cited by 43 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Ambassador Program was developed based on the 3-Ts framework: Tell, Treat, and Train, to promote an environment of compliance throughout the campus. 18,20 The ‘Train’ component focused on empowering individuals to remind violators on campus of the tobacco-free policy in a firm, compassionate manner. 18 TFTA!…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,20 The ‘Train’ component focused on empowering individuals to remind violators on campus of the tobacco-free policy in a firm, compassionate manner. 18 TFTA! was developed in Spring 2011, transitioning from a campus-wide call for volunteers, to a pilot with undergraduate nursing students in Fall 2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During Spring 2012, the Ambassadors received comprehensive training including: a) general information on tobacco use, consequences of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke; b) trends in tobacco-free policies; c) overview of the tobacco-free campus policy including campus boundaries; d) summary of the 3Ts approach; 18 e) meeting with the tobacco treatment specialists on campus; f) communicating and meeting with other key campus stakeholders; g) policy implementation guidelines; h) scripting on how to approach and respond to violators; i) monitoring the campus report line; j) evaluation and data collection; and k) campus events and partnerships. The training was modified from lessons learned during the pilot study, 21 to include more comprehensive training, protocol development for approaching and reporting violators, significant time spent on scripting with more diverse scenarios, observational learning, role play, and peer mentoring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 However, without a plan for enhancing compliance and/or implementing corrective action, it is unlikely this strategy alone will be successful. 17,18 Research conducted on Canadian college campuses reported even those who did not use tobacco were tolerant of those who did not comply with the policy. 6 Plaspohl and colleagues reported that enforcement was primarily the responsibility of resident advisors and dormitory staff, particularly at religious and private colleges/universities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,18,20 Canadian campuses did not find success hiring students to assist with compliance efforts; 6 however no details of the program, student training, or compliance outcomes were reported. Another campus trained undergraduate students as Ambassadors to promote compliance with a tobacco-free campus policy resulting in a 25% decline in cigarette butts at campus hotspots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tobacco-Free Campus Ambassador Program and Policy Compliance

Ickes

Rayens

Wiggins

et al. 2015

Journal of American College Health

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Objective Assess impact and feasibility of a Tobacco-free Ambassador Program on campus policy compliance. Participants Trained Ambassadors made 253 visits to campus sites over 15-months to observe and/or approach violators. Methods Policy violators were observed at 23 locations during Wave 1 (April-June 2012) and/or Wave 2 (April-June 2013). For locations with at least 5 visits, average violators per visit were compared between two Waves using a paired t-test. Attributes of violators were summarized. Cigarette butts were collected over 3-day periods in four campus hotspots during each Wave. Personnel time and cost to implement the program were determined. Results There were declines in observed violators per Ambassador visit and number of cigarette butts over time. Rate of violators per visit declined from 5.47 to 1.93, a 65% decrease. Personnel time was equal to 1.5 FTE annually. Conclusions The Ambassador Program was a feasible and potentially effective strategy to increase policy compliance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tobacco-Free Campus Ambassador Program and Policy Compliance

Ickes

Rayens

Wiggins

et al. 2015

Journal of American College Health

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Tobacco‐free Take Action!: Increasing Policy Adherence on a College Campus

Ickes

Hahn²,

McCann³

et al. 2013

World Med & Health Policy

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Introduction One in five college students report tobacco use, thus universities are making strides to reduce tobacco use by adopting smoke- or tobacco-free policies. Purpose Describe an innovative ambassador program to increase adherence with a tobacco-free campus policy. Methods The Tobacco-Free Take Action! (TFTA!) Ambassador program was created to form an environment of compliance. Hot spots were targeted by Ambassadors, who were trained to use scripted messages. Ambassadors completed an online documentation form to assess the number of violators observed and approached. The Tobacco-Free Compliance Assessment Tool (TF-CAT) was used to collect pre- and post-cigarette butt data at each hot spot. Results During the 4-week intervention period, Ambassadors approached 332 violators (529 observed), of which 68% responded positively and complied with the policy. The number of cigarette butts declined by 25%. Discussion Adherence with campus tobacco-free policies remains a challenge. Lessons learned from this innovative approach will benefit those currently implementing and planning tobacco-free campus policies.

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